A High-Tech Twist on Abuse: Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking, and Advocacy
This Violence Against Women Online Resources commissioned document summarizes the existing knowledge on the use of technology to stalk. The author uses both published literature and contributions provided by numerous survivors’ reports to provide current information on the variety of sophisticated tools that are being used to stalk current and former intimate partners. The article also provides specific strategies for advocates, including safety planning information, a resource list, and a handout for survivors.
A Survey of Online Harassment at a University Campus
"This study’s sample of students was taken from the University of New Hampshire campus and found that more than half of the students received unwanted pornography and 10% to 15% of students reported receiving repeated unwanted online messages via email or instant message. The study also found that sexual minority students were more likely to be harassed online than were heterosexual students. Implications for further research and policy/program development are also discussed."
Campus Stalking (pdf)
"Highlights issues and suggests practical options for responding to stalking incidents that occur in college and university campus communities. Includes a review of the history, definitions, and statistics related to stalking, offering useful resources."
College Professors as Potential Victims of Stalking: Awareness and Prevention: National Implications (pdf)
"The stalking of professors by students can create considerable difficulty for both faculty and administration. Particular attributes of college and university environments contribute to potential stalking behaviors, especially among poorly adjusted students. Recommendations are made regarding materials with evidentiary value that should be collected if a professor believes she or he is being stalked. Behaviors that college instructors should avoid during student-instructor interactions are provided. Institutional policies regarding intimate relationships between faculty and students are also presented by the authors."
Compendium of Research on Violence Against Women, 1993-2008 (pdf)
"This is a comprehensive compilation of National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-funded research including a table of contents, index, and descriptions of projects available through the Violence Against Women & Family Violence (VAW&FV) program."
Creating Social Change in Cyberspace: 10 Years Strong
Article published by the University of Minnesota Gateway to Reseach & Innovations regarding the success of the Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse in providing knowledge to prevent violence.
Facts About Intimate Partner Stalking in Minnesota and the United States (pdf)
A fact sheet created by the Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women as part of a statewide training for law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and advocates titled the Anatomy of Strangulation.
Intimate Partner Violence, Technology, and Stalking
"This research note describes the use of a broad range of technologies in intimate partner stalking, including cordless and cellular telephones, fax machines, e-mail, Internet-based harassment, global positioning systems, spy ware, video cameras, and online databases. The concept of “stalking with technology” is reviewed, and the need for an expanded definition of cyberstalking is presented. Legal issues and advocacy-centered responses, including training, legal remedies, public policy issues, and technology industry practices, are discussed."
Is Stalking Legislation Effective in Protecting Stalking Victims? (pdf)
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the stalking legislation on the criminal justice system in the four years from its introduction in Victoria in 1994. This report presents the findings of the study. It examines the implementation criminal and civil components of stalking legislation in the four years since its introduction.
Measuring Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration: A Compendium of Assessment Tools (pdf)
"This compendium provides researchers and prevention specialists with a set of assessment tools with demonstrated reliability and validity for measuring the self-reported incidence and prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence victimization and perpetration. The information is presented to help researchers and practitioners make informed decisions when choosing scales to use in their work."
Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse
"The mission of the Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse (MINCAVA) is to support research, education, and access to violence related resources."
"The Technology Safety Project of the Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence was designed to increase awareness and knowledge of technology safety issues for domestic violence victims, survivors, and advocacy staff. Evaluation of the project suggests that the program is needed, useful, and effective. Consumer satisfaction was high, and there was perceived improvement in computer confidence and knowledge of computer safety. Areas for future program development and further research are discussed."
"The current study assessed the nature and extent of minor and severe injuries among a help-seeking sample of battered women. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to assess the unique roles of physical violence, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and stalking to the prediction of minor and severe injuries in battered women. Results are discussed in terms of implications for future research and intervention with battered women."
Stalking and Domestic Violence Report to Congress (pdf)
"This report to Congress is part of an ongoing commitment to share information about strategies that show promise in the field and about the development of laws addressing stalking. It is produced in response to Subtitle F of VAWA, which directs the U.S. Attorney General to submit a report on these issues. The report includes information on cyberstalking, victim needs, law enforcement responses to stalking, and a bibliography."
Stalking and Domestic Violence: Views of Queensland Magistrates (pdf)
This paper reviews the current law on stalking and the factors that led to amendments being made to the Queensland Criminal Code in 1999. It also presents a detailed analysis of Magistrates responses to the issue of stalking in the context of making domestic violence orders.
"This fact sheet cites statistics about stalking in America, the impact of stalking on victims, behavior of stalkers, stalking and intimate partner femicide, state laws, and stalking on campus."
"This fact sheet created in Spanish, cites statistics about stalking in America, the impact of stalking on victims, behavior of stalkers, stalking and intimate partner femicide, state laws, and stalking on campus."
Stalking in Domestic Relationships: Preliminary Analysis of the Intrusiveness Scale (pdf)
The Intrusiveness Scale is a self-report survey specifically designed to measure the incidence/frequency of intrusive behaviour that may occur within the context of interpersonal relationships.
Stalking in Texas (pdf)
"This report presents information on stalking victimization among Texas residents. The data for this report came from a telephone survey of a random sample of Texas residents. Recommendations were made about the need for continuing educational efforts for the public and for people who work with victims of this crime. The importance of victim input in investigating this crime was underscored, as were suggestions for thoroughly investigating reports of stalking and the provision of support services for victims."
A fact sheet pointing out common myths and attitudes about stalking and provides information on the realities of this crime.
Stalking Resource Center Statistics
The Stalking Resource Center website offers various links to research,fact sheets, and statistics on stalking related crimes.
Stalking Victimization in the United States, 2009 Report
This document provides statistics on studies done in a 12 month span on the various forms of stalking. The study focuses on the intersection between stalking and victim and offender characteristics such as race, class, age, and gender. The study finds that women are nearly three times more likely than men to be stalked, and young people age 18 to 24 experience the highest rates of stalking.
Stalking: Criminal Justice Responses in Australia (pdf)
This paper examines current stalking legislation, police and court data within the Australian context. While the data can only be considered as indicative, rather than explanatory, the trends outlined suggest important differences in the treatment of stalking across Australian jurisdictions. Potential explanations for these differences are provided, and suggestions for future research are outlined.
Much is unknown about stalking occurring in non-western countries to determine whether it is a global phenomenon mainly because many countries have not enacted legislation that protects against this form of harassment. Cross-cultural subgroups of victims and stalkers and the co-occurrence of other crimes are to be explored as a research area. The author suggests implications for policy, practice, and research.
Ten Things You Need to Know about Stalking
An informative sheet created by the Stalking Resource Center and the National Center for Victims of Crime providing statistics and information on ways stalking is perpetrated.
Ten Things You Need to Know about Stalking (Spanish)
An informative sheet created in Spanish by the Stalking Resource Center and the National Center for Victims of Crime providing statistics and information on ways stalking is perpetrated.
The Incidence and Nature of Stalking Victimisation (pdf)
Paper presented at the Stalking: Criminal Justice Responses Conference convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology and held in Sydney 7-8 December 2000. This study examines the incidence of stalking behaviours in the community, the association between stalking and other forms of violence and factors which mediate the type and duration of stalking.
The Sexual Victimization of College Women (pdf)
Women attending colleges are at greater risk for rape and other forms of sexual assault than the general population or in another comparable age group. The study found that many women do not characterize their sexual victimization as a crime for a number of reasons including blaming themselves.The study reinforces the importance of many organizations’ efforts to improve education and knowledge about sexual assault.
The Tactical Topography of Stalking Victimization and Management
"This study conducted reported the average proportion of female victims across studies was 75%, and 77% of stalking emerged from a prior acquaintance, with 49% from intimate relationships. New typologies of stalking behavior, coping responses to stalking, and symptomology due to stalking victimization are reported and the author ends by presenting how these typologies should serve to influence new policy, practice, and research."
Understanding and Preventing Violence
"Discusses the findings of the National Academy of Sciences Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior, established to review the current status of research in violence."
Woman Stalking in Iran (pdf)
"This paper comprises four parts: the first part discusses in brief the main factors that have impact on stalking of women in Iran. Then, in the second part, by classifying the stalkers according to their profiles, we will turn to analysing the effect of each factor on individuals. In part three, statistics drawn from a recent survey will be discussed and finally, in part four,the existing legal remedies to control stalking will be discussed."
Women Stalking Women at Work: A Preliminary Study on Nurses' Experiences
"This paper will explore nurses' experiences of workplace stalking. The data were analysed and compared with a secondary analysis of data from an earlier study into violence among nurses."