Advocacy
Domestic & Sexual Violence Advocate Handbook on Human Trafficking, 2nd Edition (pdf)
A handbook designed to aid domestic and sexual violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking and in better understanding the issues involved with trafficking. Contents include basic information and definitions, an overview of benefits available to victims of trafficking, relevant laws, tips and questions to consider when working with victims, a review of the role of domestic violence centers in responding to the issue, and additional resources and tips for advocacy. Although the booklet does include Florida-specific information, it contains information that can be utilized in many communities across the US.
Human Trafficking in Minnesota, A Report to the Minnesota Legislature (pdf)
"In 2005, the Minnesota legislature passed Minnesota Statute 299A.785, requiring the Department of Public Safety (DPS) to complete annual studies on the extent and type of human trafficking occurring in our state. The first report was completed in September 2006 and this current report is the second annual report in response to that legislation."
Human Trafficking Service Provider Manual for Certified Domestic Violence Centers (pdf)
This is a manual designed to assist domestic violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking. The manual details considerations and recommendations for service provision, benefits available to victims of trafficking, legal issues, criminal prosecution of traffickers, working with the media, potential funding sources, and additional anti-trafficking resources.
In Our Own Backyard: Human Rights in the Heartland (pdf)
This report is designed to educate American Midwestners about the crucial role of human rights protections and to reveal gaps between human rights standands and realities in the American Midwest.
Primer on the Male Demand for Prostitution (pdf)
This Primer was originally developed to assist European antitrafficking projects in the Baltic States in challenging the legalization and decriminalization of prostitution industries and in focusing on the demand. In this version, it has been adapted for use in a more general, international context.
WHO Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Interviewing Trafficked Women (pdf)
This document provides ethical and safety recommendations for interviewing trafficked women in response to rapid growth of trafficking and the demand for information about trafficking by policy makers, advocates and the media.
Children
A Family Resource Guide on International Parental Kidnapping (pdf)
Presents practical and detailed advice about preventing international kidnapping and increasing the chance that children who are kidnapped or wrongfully retained will be returned. It provides descriptions and realistic assessments of the civil and criminal remedies available in international parental kidnapping cases, explains applicable laws and identifies both the public and private resources that may be called upon when an international abduction occurs or is threatened, and prepares parents for the legal and emotional difficulties they may experience.
Children's Rights: Children's Labor
Article discusses international child labor by focusing on bonded child labor and trafficking.
Facts About Child Sex Tourism (pdf)
This provides a brief overview of the sexual exploitation of children worldwide. This fact sheet includes a definition of child sex tourism, both the global and U.S. response, and suggestions for what governments, citizens and business can do to combat child sex tourism.
Human Trafficking of Children in the United States: A Fact Sheet for Schools
"This fact sheet was developed for those working in school settings and provides an overview of human trafficking, how it affects schools, tips for identifying victims, and steps for reporting human trafficking."
Human Trafficking Service Provider Manual for Certified Domestic Violence Centers (pdf)
This is a manual designed to assist domestic violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking. The manual details considerations and recommendations for service provision, benefits available to victims of trafficking, legal issues, criminal prosecution of traffickers, working with the media, potential funding sources, and additional anti-trafficking resources.
A Nov. 1999 Intelligence Monograph. This article finds that the trafficking of women and children "for the sex industry and for labor" is prevalent in all regions in the U.S. Victims have traditionally come from Southeast Asia and Latin America, but now victims are coming from Central and Eastern Europe as well.
Rape for Profit: Trafficking of Nepali Girls and Women to India's Brothels
June 1995. This report focuses on the trafficking of girls and women from Nepal to brothels in Bombay, where nongovernmental organizations say they comprise up to half of the city's estimated 100,000 brothel workers. Twenty percent of Bombay's brothel population is thought to be girls under the age of eighteen, and half of that population may be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Report on Research on Rape and Violence (pdf)
"This report is a compendium of research on issues related to rape, sexual assault, and violence. While efforts have been made to include research from as many sources as possible, it is inevitable that other valuable sources of research may contain information no included in this report."
The Hofstede Committee Report: Juvenile Prostitution in Minnesota (pdf)
This report provides an overview of juvenile prostitution, the sex industry in Minnesota, and efforts to end juvenile prostitution. This report also recommends tougher penalties for people who exploit children and teenagers.
UNICRI - Trafficking in Minors
This website, put together by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Research Institute, contains information pertaining to the trafficking of minors for sexual purposes. In particular, it contains an International Repository of Institutions against Sexual Exploitation of Minors (IRISEM): a database containing relevant institutions and organizations active in the fields of contrast, reduction and prevention of sexual exploitation and trafficking in children around the world.
United Nations Report on Violence Against Children
The report describes the scope and nature of violence against children and its impact, approaching its subject from the perspectives of human rights, child protection, and public health. The report is available in 8 languages.
Class/race/ethnicity
A Nov. 1999 Intelligence Monograph. This article finds that the trafficking of women and children "for the sex industry and for labor" is prevalent in all regions in the U.S. Victims have traditionally come from Southeast Asia and Latin America, but now victims are coming from Central and Eastern Europe as well.
Owed Justice: Thai Women Trafficked into Debt Bondage in Japan
This report is based on interviews conducted in Thailand and Japan over a six year period from 1994 to 1999, during which the authors documented serious abuses in the course of trafficked women's recruitment, travel, job placement, and subsequent employment. The interviews in 1999 reveal a clear continuation of the abuses the authors first documented in 1994; indicating that, despite the increased awareness demonstrated by Japanese and Thai officials regarding the abuses trafficked women suffer, these governments have failed as yet to take adequate steps to respond effectively to the problem.
The Race Dimensions of Trafficking in Persons – Especially Women and Children
A brief paper that presents links between trafficking and racial bias.
Trafficking in Women: Moldova and Ukraine (pdf)
This document explores the trafficking of women for the commercial sex industry as a human rights violation in both Moldova and Ukraine. The report analyzes the mechanisms of trafficking in both countries and the NGO and governmental response to the problem, including information on Moldovan and Ukrainian law. The report also addresses the obligations of the Moldovan and Ukrainian government under international law. 2000
Consequences
This study was undertaken by an interdisciplinary cross-cultural research team from Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela and the United States who came together to push the boundaries of disciplinary and governmental thinking on trafficking and sexual exploitation. The researchers examined the structural factors responsible for the increase in sex trafficking worldwide.
Children's Rights: Children's Labor
Article discusses international child labor by focusing on bonded child labor and trafficking.
Human Trafficking of Children in the United States: A Fact Sheet for Schools
"This fact sheet was developed for those working in school settings and provides an overview of human trafficking, how it affects schools, tips for identifying victims, and steps for reporting human trafficking."
In Their Own Words (pdf)
"One page sheet with excerpts of survivor testimonies from sex and labor trafficking."
Prostitution is Sexual Violence
The article addresses the incorrect presumptions that prostitution is a for of work and not a form violence. The author uses research and personal interviews to argue that prostitution is a serious form of sexual violence with serious mental and physical consequences, much like all other forms of sexual violence. She also addresses the realtionship between prostitution and trafficking.
Put in Harm's Way: The Neglected Health Consequences of Sex Trafficking in the United States
This is the article from POLICING THE NATIONAL BODY: Sex, Race, and Criminalization, edited by Jael Silliman and Anannya Bhattacharjee and published by South End Press, 2002. The chapter examines definition of trafficking, factors to promote trafficking and health burdens to women from trafficking.
Sisters Speak Out: The Lives and Needs of Prostituted Women in Chicago
This report provides information from interviews with 222 women in prostitution in the Chicago metropolitan area, reflecting their experiences with violence from customers, managers, pimps, and police, substance abuse, homelessness, and physical and mental health problems. The women were located and interviewed by prostitution survivors familiar with the prostitution industry.
The Invisible Exodus: North Koreans in the People's Republic of China.
This report presents a comprehensive overview of this human rights disaster, grounded in first-hand accounts of North Koreans who escaped to the South, and humanitarian workers who aided them and many less fortunate. It examines the complex and harrowing decision of migrants to leave, an illegal act often deemed tantamount to treason; the months and even years of hiding in China; the desperate circumstances that lead women to sell themselves as sexual companions; and the vulnerability these migrants have that open them to every and any abuse.
The “Natasha” Trade: (pdf)
This paper focuses primarily on the sending country of Ukraine, now the second largest country in Europe, and currently, one of the largest suppliers of women for prostitution. The scope of the problem of trafficking is discussed and the definition of the term trafficking is reviewed. The role of transnational crime networks in the trafficking of women is examined with a few illustrative cases. A section on the methods of recruitment and trafficking describes how women are recruited from their hometowns and transported to sex industries in other countries.
Trafficking in Women to Italy for Sexual Exploitation (pdf)
This is the one of the first studies to examine the specific issues of trafficking Nigerian and Albanian women to Italy. The study is based on interviews with 50 women who were identified as victims of trafficking in women.
Intervention
Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons (pdf)
Describes the U.S. government's successes in combating human trafficking and provides recommendations on ways to improve efforts.
Facts About Child Sex Tourism (pdf)
This provides a brief overview of the sexual exploitation of children worldwide. This fact sheet includes a definition of child sex tourism, both the global and U.S. response, and suggestions for what governments, citizens and business can do to combat child sex tourism.
Hidden Slaves: Forced Labor in the United States (pdf)
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and current US laws and regulations against forced labor and trafficking. It illuminates differences between US and international anti-trafficking legal framework. It also includes recomendations for improvement in US policy and legal and social service providers.
Hiding in Plain Sight: A Practical Guide to Identifying Victims of Trafficking in the U.S. (pdf)
A guide which places particular emphasis on identifying victims of sexual trafficking as defined by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000. The document offers a definition of trafficking and suggests how and where one might find a victim of sexual trafficking. The guide also addresses reporting procedures for both the general public and mandated reporters, and concludes by describing the services available to victims of trafficking.
Human Trafficking of Children in the United States: A Fact Sheet for Schools
"This fact sheet was developed for those working in school settings and provides an overview of human trafficking, how it affects schools, tips for identifying victims, and steps for reporting human trafficking."
Information for Victims in Trafficking of People and Forced Labor
Factsheet. Describes acts which may constitute trafficking in persons and forced labor and encourages victims of trafficking to report their situation. Information about governmental and non-governmental resources for victims is provided.
It's in Our Hands: Stop Violence Against Women
This report investigates causes, forms, and remedies of violence against women, and highlights the responsibility of the state, community and individuals for taking action to end it.
The Links Between Prostitution and SexTrafficking: A Briefing Handbook (pdf)
A handbook promoting preventative measures to combat trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation; an international perspective.
Trafficking of Women: U.S. Policy and International Law (pdf)
This fact sheet provides a brief overview of trafficking, the definition under U.S. and international law, and certain protections for trafficked women. The document also lists steps that the U.S. can take to continue its effort to combat trafficking, such as putting more effort into the protection and support of victims.
Trafficking: Considerations and Recommendations for Domestic Violence Advocates
Offers domestic violence advocates some considerations and recommendations for working with victims of trafficking. After a brief overview of statistics and issue analysis, the document provides considerations and recommendations for advocates in seven key areas: (1) Arrest, (2) Custody and Release, (3) Legal representation and the investigation process, (4) Endangerment and confidentiality, (5) Shelter Services, (6) Complex traumas and oppressions, and (7) Medical records and care.
Turning Pain into Power: Trafficking Survivors' Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies (pdf)
This report examines the health care system as an ideal place to focus education and intervention efforts on victims of trafficking, modern day slavery. Through interviews with trafficking survivors themselves, this report illustrates their recommendations on how to direct future intervention and policy efforts.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report
The Department of State is required by law to submit a report each year to the U.S. Congress on foreign governments’ efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. This Report is the fifth annual TIP Report. This Report is intended to raise global awareness and spur foreign governments to take effective actions to counter all forms of trafficking in persons — a form of modern day slavery. The Report has increasingly focused the efforts of a growing community of nations to share information and to partner in new and important ways to fight human trafficking.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report 2005 (pdf)
The TIP Report serves to expose these despicable aspects of trafficking. It provokes, lauds, and challenges. Countries including the United States, which is dealing with its own trafficking problem, have been inspired to greater action against human trafficking as a result of this unique compendium.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report 2006
This year’s report looks at slave labor as well as sex trafficking, noting that a child trafficked into one form of labor may be further abused in another. “The brutal reality of the modern-day slave trade is that its victims are frequently bought and sold many times over."
Legal/policy
Domestic & Sexual Violence Advocate Handbook on Human Trafficking, 2nd Edition (pdf)
A handbook designed to aid domestic and sexual violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking and in better understanding the issues involved with trafficking. Contents include basic information and definitions, an overview of benefits available to victims of trafficking, relevant laws, tips and questions to consider when working with victims, a review of the role of domestic violence centers in responding to the issue, and additional resources and tips for advocacy. Although the booklet does include Florida-specific information, it contains information that can be utilized in many communities across the US.
Hidden Slaves: Forced Labor in the United States (pdf)
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and current US laws and regulations against forced labor and trafficking. It illuminates differences between US and international anti-trafficking legal framework. It also includes recomendations for improvement in US policy and legal and social service providers.
The political and human rights issues related to human trafficking are discussed in this document. Critical thinking questions are posed, along with facts sheets and policy initiatives.
Human Trafficking Service Provider Manual for Certified Domestic Violence Centers (pdf)
This is a manual designed to assist domestic violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking. The manual details considerations and recommendations for service provision, benefits available to victims of trafficking, legal issues, criminal prosecution of traffickers, working with the media, potential funding sources, and additional anti-trafficking resources.
Primer on the Male Demand for Prostitution (pdf)
This Primer was originally developed to assist European antitrafficking projects in the Baltic States in challenging the legalization and decriminalization of prostitution industries and in focusing on the demand. In this version, it has been adapted for use in a more general, international context.
The Hofstede Committee Report: Juvenile Prostitution in Minnesota (pdf)
This report provides an overview of juvenile prostitution, the sex industry in Minnesota, and efforts to end juvenile prostitution. This report also recommends tougher penalties for people who exploit children and teenagers.
Trafficking in Women: Moldova and Ukraine (pdf)
This document explores the trafficking of women for the commercial sex industry as a human rights violation in both Moldova and Ukraine. The report analyzes the mechanisms of trafficking in both countries and the NGO and governmental response to the problem, including information on Moldovan and Ukrainian law. The report also addresses the obligations of the Moldovan and Ukrainian government under international law. 2000
Trafficking of Women: U.S. Policy and International Law (pdf)
This fact sheet provides a brief overview of trafficking, the definition under U.S. and international law, and certain protections for trafficked women. The document also lists steps that the U.S. can take to continue its effort to combat trafficking, such as putting more effort into the protection and support of victims.
Trafficking: Considerations and Recommendations for Domestic Violence Advocates
Offers domestic violence advocates some considerations and recommendations for working with victims of trafficking. After a brief overview of statistics and issue analysis, the document provides considerations and recommendations for advocates in seven key areas: (1) Arrest, (2) Custody and Release, (3) Legal representation and the investigation process, (4) Endangerment and confidentiality, (5) Shelter Services, (6) Complex traumas and oppressions, and (7) Medical records and care.
Turning Pain into Power: Trafficking Survivors' Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies (pdf)
This report examines the health care system as an ideal place to focus education and intervention efforts on victims of trafficking, modern day slavery. Through interviews with trafficking survivors themselves, this report illustrates their recommendations on how to direct future intervention and policy efforts.
U.S. Policy Alert 2007 (pdf)
"Check out Polaris Projects U.S. Policy Alert for a state-by-state analysis on the status of Human Trafficking."
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (pdf)
Act of the 106th Congress of the United States of America.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report
The Department of State is required by law to submit a report each year to the U.S. Congress on foreign governments’ efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. This Report is the fifth annual TIP Report. This Report is intended to raise global awareness and spur foreign governments to take effective actions to counter all forms of trafficking in persons — a form of modern day slavery. The Report has increasingly focused the efforts of a growing community of nations to share information and to partner in new and important ways to fight human trafficking.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report 2005 (pdf)
The TIP Report serves to expose these despicable aspects of trafficking. It provokes, lauds, and challenges. Countries including the United States, which is dealing with its own trafficking problem, have been inspired to greater action against human trafficking as a result of this unique compendium.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report 2006
This year’s report looks at slave labor as well as sex trafficking, noting that a child trafficked into one form of labor may be further abused in another. “The brutal reality of the modern-day slave trade is that its victims are frequently bought and sold many times over."
WHO Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Interviewing Trafficked Women (pdf)
This document provides ethical and safety recommendations for interviewing trafficked women in response to rapid growth of trafficking and the demand for information about trafficking by policy makers, advocates and the media.
Other
Common Myths and Misconceptions (pdf)
"Summary of myths and misconceptions about the definition of human trafficking and the types of human trafficking operations that exist in the U.S."
Prevention
The Links Between Prostitution and SexTrafficking: A Briefing Handbook (pdf)
A handbook promoting preventative measures to combat trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation; an international perspective.
UNICRI - Trafficking in Minors
This website, put together by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Research Institute, contains information pertaining to the trafficking of minors for sexual purposes. In particular, it contains an International Repository of Institutions against Sexual Exploitation of Minors (IRISEM): a database containing relevant institutions and organizations active in the fields of contrast, reduction and prevention of sexual exploitation and trafficking in children around the world.
Manuals/Guides/Reports
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: 1999
This report discusses the status of internationally recognized human rights in various countries.
Domestic & Sexual Violence Advocate Handbook on Human Trafficking, 2nd Edition (pdf)
A handbook designed to aid domestic and sexual violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking and in better understanding the issues involved with trafficking. Contents include basic information and definitions, an overview of benefits available to victims of trafficking, relevant laws, tips and questions to consider when working with victims, a review of the role of domestic violence centers in responding to the issue, and additional resources and tips for advocacy. Although the booklet does include Florida-specific information, it contains information that can be utilized in many communities across the US.
This report documents how local corruption and the complicity of international officials in Bosnia have allowed a trafficking network to flourish, in which women are tricked, threatened, physically assaulted and sold as chattel.
Human Trafficking Cheat Sheet (pdf)
"Two page sheet that defines human trafficking and gives you basic facts about the issues, including statistics."
Human Trafficking in Minnesota, A Report to the Minnesota Legislature (pdf)
"In 2005, the Minnesota legislature passed Minnesota Statute 299A.785, requiring the Department of Public Safety (DPS) to complete annual studies on the extent and type of human trafficking occurring in our state. The first report was completed in September 2006 and this current report is the second annual report in response to that legislation."
Human Trafficking Service Provider Manual for Certified Domestic Violence Centers (pdf)
This is a manual designed to assist domestic violence advocates in working with victims of trafficking. The manual details considerations and recommendations for service provision, benefits available to victims of trafficking, legal issues, criminal prosecution of traffickers, working with the media, potential funding sources, and additional anti-trafficking resources.
Information for Victims in Trafficking of People and Forced Labor
Factsheet. Describes acts which may constitute trafficking in persons and forced labor and encourages victims of trafficking to report their situation. Information about governmental and non-governmental resources for victims is provided.
Owed Justice: Thai Women Trafficked into Debt Bondage in Japan
This report is based on interviews conducted in Thailand and Japan over a six year period from 1994 to 1999, during which the authors documented serious abuses in the course of trafficked women's recruitment, travel, job placement, and subsequent employment. The interviews in 1999 reveal a clear continuation of the abuses the authors first documented in 1994; indicating that, despite the increased awareness demonstrated by Japanese and Thai officials regarding the abuses trafficked women suffer, these governments have failed as yet to take adequate steps to respond effectively to the problem.
The Invisible Exodus: North Koreans in the People's Republic of China.
This report presents a comprehensive overview of this human rights disaster, grounded in first-hand accounts of North Koreans who escaped to the South, and humanitarian workers who aided them and many less fortunate. It examines the complex and harrowing decision of migrants to leave, an illegal act often deemed tantamount to treason; the months and even years of hiding in China; the desperate circumstances that lead women to sell themselves as sexual companions; and the vulnerability these migrants have that open them to every and any abuse.
The Links Between Prostitution and SexTrafficking: A Briefing Handbook (pdf)
A handbook promoting preventative measures to combat trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation; an international perspective.
Trafficking in Persons Report (pdf)
This is the second annual report to congress, as required by the act on the status of severe forms of trafficking worldwide from April 2001-March 2002.
Trafficking in Persons: A Guide for Non-Governmental Organizations
This brochure from the U.S. Department of Justice is intended for nongovernmental organizations, such as service providers and other community-based organizations, to use as a reference guide to help trafficking victims.