A Development Approach to Working with Teen Victims (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the need for service providers to understand adolescent development in order to effectively provide interventions for teen victims of abuse.

Balancing Obligations: Serving Teen Victims and Mandated Reporting of Statutory Rape (pdf)

This issue brief addresses the importance of preserving confidentiality while working with teen victims of abuse, at the same time fulfilling the service provider's legal duties.

Barriers and Promising Approaches to Workforce and Youth Development for Young Offenders (pdf)

"This toolkit was created to address three objectives: identify barriers to success in juvenile justice -- both for the system and for the young people in it; survey innovative state and local policy initiatives; and showcase exemplary employment and development programs for court-involved youth."

Children’s and Adolescents’ Participation and Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (pdf)

"A paper reviewing government commitments to strengthen participation by children and adolescents to protect them from sexual abuse and exploitation. The paper provides recommendations for further research, policy development, and programming to support advocacy and practice with and by children and adolescents. "

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Helping Traumatized Children: Tips for Judges (pdf)

"This fact sheet for judges and other court personnel outlines the impact of trauma on children's development, beliefs, and behaviors. It is designed to help professionals in the juvenile justice and family court system become more effective in addressing the unique needs and challenges of the traumatized children and adolescents they work with."

Impact of the Law on Service to Teens (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the challenges that laws at the state and federal level pose, how they can impact the way service providers serve teens and how teens respond to adult interventions. Suggested strategies are given for programs and agencies working to serve teen victims of abuse.

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"The Lifetime Spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Preventing violence before it occurs: Directions for improving outcomes for young people, our cities, and our economic recovery and growth (pdf)

A Prevention Institute memo highlighting opportunities for improving safety and well-being in our nation’s urban areas while saving money and stimulating the economy.

Prevention is for Life HIV/AIDS: Dispatches from the Field (pdf)

"This advocacy booklet uses real-life examples to explain how HIV prevention can save lives in diverse cultural and geographical settings. It includes chapters on youth and HIV, condom programming, protecting women and girls, linking HIV prevention with other sexual and reproductive health care, and empowering populations who are at particular risk."

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Safety Planning With Teens (pdf)

An issue brief created by Break the Cycle for those working with teens on safety planning issues.

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Tagalog Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Tagalog translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Technology and Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

This issue brief explains the ways technology can be used as tools of abuse. It offers tips to providers working on safety planning with teens experiencing abuse.

Technology Safety & Advocacy Special Collection

This special collection includes a categorized and annotated listing of selected articles, fact sheets, papers, reports and other materials regarding the use of technology as it impacts and intersects with violence against women and children. It is offered as an additional tool to assist advocates working on and interested in the safe use of technology.

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

The Runaway & Homeless Youth and Relationship Violence Toolkit

This toolkit was developed by and for advocates in the runaway and homeless youth and domestic violence and sexual assault fields. Includes up to date research and resources as well as evaluation tools for programs providing services to youth.

Trauma in the Lives of Gang-Involved Youth: Tips for Volunteers and Community Organizations (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains why trauma is so prevalent among gang-involved youth, and provides tips for community organizations and volunteers on working with this population."

UN study on Violence Against Children

"A press release on a new effort to provide a detailed global picture of the nature, extent and causes of violence against children, and propose clear recommendations for action to prevent and reduce such violence. The study focuses on violence against children in five settings: the home and family, schools and educational settings, other institutional settings (orphanages, children in conflict with the law), the community and on the streets, and work situations. "

Widening Our Lens (pdf)

"This brochure presents a comprehensive strategy to address the impact of child maltreatment, interpersonal, and family violence on youth."

World Report on Violence against Children

"This book addresses all violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. It lists the relevant international and national legal instruments and standards. It also describes the nature and impact of all forms of violence, indicating possible risk and causal factors. Finally, and most important, based on existing evidence and concrete examples, it provides detailed recommendation on measures to be taken to enhance the protection of children from violence."

Your Child and Gangs: What You Need to Know about Trauma - Tips for Parents (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains the appeal of gang involvement for traumatized youth, and offers information for parents on helping their children cope with the aftermath of trauma."

Youth Activism: Engaging Teens in the Sexual Violence Prevention Movement (pdf)

"This bulletin discusses how to engage youth as valued partners in sexual violence prevention work."

Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities - The Different Story of Delinquent Youth as Told by the Media and by Juvenile Justice System Professionals and the Youth Themselves (pdf)

"This report examines the youth perspective on violence, life circumstance, and the response of the justice system to a supposed growth of violence among troubled youth. The report was also part of testimony before the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on February 11, 2009."

Animal Abuse and Youth Violence

15-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. This Bulletin describes psychiatric, psychological, and criminal research linking animal abuse to violence perpetrated by juveniles and adults. Particular attention is focused on the prevalence of cruelty to animals by children and adolescents and to the role of animal abuse as a possible symptom of conduct disorder. In addition, the motivations and etiology underlying the maltreatment of animals are thoroughly reviewed. The Bulletin includes recommendations to curb such cruelty, while providing contact information for additional resources concerned with violence perpetrated against animals and people.

Animal Maltreatment in the Ecology of Abused Children: Compelling Research and Responses for Prevention, Assessment and Intervention (pdf)

In this article Phil Arkow argues that it is important to use an ecological systems approach to better understand children’s interactions with animals. Understanding the role and impact of animals in the ecology of violent childhoods can help service providers to successfully address issues related to exposure to violence.

Including Animal Cruelty as a Factor in Assessing Risk and Designing Interventions (pdf)

This paper assesses the feasibility and usefulness of including animal cruelty as a variable in future research and practices, as well as makes recommendations of how this can be accomplished. In addition, recommended policy changes are discussed, including the practice of maintaining statistics on juvenile animal cruelty and the current proposal before the Federal Bureau of Investigation to add animal cruelty as a separate category in the agency’s crime data collection system.

A Parents' Guide to Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats (pdf)

This document provides insight and guidelines for cyber concerns to prevent your child from being victimized by or engaging in harmful behavior online. It also provides guidance on intervention actions.

Addressing the Gendered Dimensions of Harassment and Bullying: What domestic and sexual violence advocates need to know (pdf)

This issue brief brings to light important differences between bullying and harassment and speaks to the priorities and responsibilities of school districts in understanding these differences.

Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying (pdf)

2-page Fact Sheet posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Fact Sheet describes bullying and its effects and provides information about the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, which is designed to reduce bullying among elementary, middle, and junior high school children.

Anger, Interpersonal Relationships, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Bullying Boys Who Are Treated With Outpatient Family Therapy (pdf)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of outpatient family psychotherapy as a monotherapy for anger reduction and improvement of behavior and interpersonal relationships and of health-related quality of life in young males with bullying behavior. After 6 months of therapy and a year follow up, the results of this study show that outpatient family therapy seems to be an effective method of reducing anger and improving interpersonal relationships and health-related quality of life in male youths with bullying behavior.

Close the Book on Hate: Responding to Hate Motivated Behaviors in Schools

Discusses hate incidents and hate crimes. Gives lesson plans and teaching tips regarding responding to hate-motivated behavior in schools, holiday activities guidelines, anti-bias education, creating a positive environment in which to raise diversity issues, and resources.

Co-occurrence of Victimization from Five Subtypes of Bullying: Physical, Verbal, Social Exclusion, Spreading Rumors, and Cyber (pdf)

This article examines the co-occurrence of five subtypes of peer victimization and the effects of increased co-occurrences of victimization types on physical and psychological health.

Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students (pdf)

"This study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students. The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. As children’s use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Emerging Issues Facing Tweens and Teens (pdf)

Emerging issues like sexting, sexual coercion and bullying are creating a serious problem for millions of youth. This is a short fact sheet on some of these emerging problems.

Low-Level Violence: A Neglected Aspect of School Culture

"A largely neglected aspect of school violence is low-level, underlying violence in schools that includes bullying, peer sexual harassment, victimization based on sexual orientation, and the psychological maltreatment of students by teachers. Low-level violence angers and alienates many students and contributes to a hostile school environment. This article examines the extent of low-level violence in U.S. public schools and its impact on students’ school performance. The authors argue that the one way of reducing low-level violence in schools is to create a more positive school culture and climate. Guidelines for preventing or minimizing low-level violence in schools are presented."

Measuring Bullying Victimization, Perpetration, and Bystander Experiences: A Compendium of Assessment Tools (pdf)

This resource provides researchers, specialists, and educators with tools to measure a range of bullying experiences: bully perpetration, bully victimization, bully-victim experiences, and bystander experiences. An example of a provided tool is the "Perception of Teasing Scale" (POTS).

Polyvictimization in Developmental Context (pdf)

This article provides an analysis of data on child victimization from a large national survey using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevelence of polyvictimization (i.e., exposure to multiple forms of victimization) in youth from 4 different developmental cohorts.

Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying (pdf)

"The purpose of the present study was to contrast the prevalence of Internet bullying with physical and verbal bullying among elementary, middle, and high school boys and girls, and to examine whether key predictors of physical and verbal bullying also predicted Internet bullying."

Preventing Violence by Elementary School Children

November 1999 report posted on the Eric Clearinghouse on Urban Education.

Psychological Abuse: A Discussion Paper (pdf)

"This paper is a review of research on psychological abuse in interpersonal and family relationships including in settings such as long-term care residences.The paper presents research findings on the personal, economic and health related costs of psychological abuse to the individual and to society, and briefly outlines legal recourses for victims. It concludes by exploring ways to recognize and address psychological abuse, while emphasizing the importance of developing holistic approaches "

Recent Trends in Violence-Related Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States

An abstract from JAMA, the Journal of the American Medicine Association.

School Bullying Perpetration and Other Childhood Risk Factors as Predictors of Adult Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration (pdf)

This article assesses the relationship between bullying peers as a child and adult intimate partner violence perpetration in a clinic-based sample of adult men. School bullying perpetration and intimate partner violence perpetration are both thought to stem from desire for power and control over others.

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Taking the Bully by the Horns

Article regarding bullies in school and on the school bus and how parents and teachers can put a stop to this kind of behavior.

Technology and Youth: Protecting your Child from Electronic Aggression Tip Sheet (pdf)

"This tipsheet provides an overview of electronic aggression, any type of harassment or bullying that occurs through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website (including blogs), or text messaging. It provides parents and caregivers with strategies for protecting children from this type of violence. "

UN study on Violence Against Children

"A press release on a new effort to provide a detailed global picture of the nature, extent and causes of violence against children, and propose clear recommendations for action to prevent and reduce such violence. The study focuses on violence against children in five settings: the home and family, schools and educational settings, other institutional settings (orphanages, children in conflict with the law), the community and on the streets, and work situations. "

Characteristics of Juvenile Suicide in Confinement (pdf)

"This bulletin provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. This OJJDP Bulletin provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on delinquency cases handled in U.S. juvenile courts between 1985 and 2005."

Delinquency Cases Waived to Criminal Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on petitioned delinquency cases waived to criminal court between 1985 and 2005."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Disproportionate Minority Contact (pdf)

"This publication provides an overview of OJJDP’s efforts to reduce disproportionate minority contact (DMC). Includes a description of OJJDP’s DMC Reduction Model which helps states determine whether disproportionality exists and, if it does, guides the establishment of multipronged intervention strategies to ensure equal treatment of all youth. The fact sheet also includes a summary of states’ DMC-reduction activities derived from compliance plans submitted in fiscal year 2008."

Juvenile Arrests 2007 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2007 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2007."

Juvenile Delinquency Probation Caseload, 2005 (pdf)

A fact sheet based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report. Presents statistics on delinquency cases resulting in probation in 2005.

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Moving From Them to Us: Challenges in Reframing Violence Among Youth (pdf)

"This paper explores how youth and violence have been framed in the media, how the issue of race complicates depictions of youth and violence, and how public attitudes about government can inhibit public support for strategies to effectively prevent violence. This paper makes recommendations for the next steps in re-framing violence among youth."

Off Balance: Youth, Race, and Crime in the News (pdf)

April 2001. Study of newspaper and television crime coverage found that news media unduly connect youth with crime and violence and that minority youth are overrepresented as perpetrators and underrepresented as victims of crime. Among other things, the study found that: Crime coverage has increased, while crime rates have decreased; News media report crime but provide inadequate information about its context; Few studies examine new media portrayals of youth; Violence against youth is underreported.

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Person Offense Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, provides statistics on person offense cases processed by juvenile courts in that year.

Police diversion of young offenders and Indigenous over-representation (pdf)

"Indigenous over-representation in the justice system is a challenge facing Australian society. This study focused on the extent of Indigenous over-representation, evidence of disparity in how Indigenous and non-Indigenous young people were processed and the impact of diversion on re-contact with the juvenile system."

Preliminary Adaptations for Working with Traumatized Latino/Hispanic Children and Their Families (pdf)

The Culture and Trauma Briefs series serves to support the NCTSN commitment to raising the standard of care for traumatized children, their families, and their communities by highlighting the diversity of needs and experiences of those children, families, and communities.
This report was developed through information gathered via a preliminary focus group of bilingual/bicultural therapists at a children's hospital in California to address the needs of diverse Latino populations seeking care.

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Race, Ethnicity, and Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending

June 2000. Discusses racial and ethnic differences in the rates of serious and violent offending among juveniles. Discribes various data sources and notes their relative strengths and weaknesses for purposes of identifying racial and ethnic patterns. Summarizes statistics on national trends in juvenile offending by race and ethnicity, discusses research findings on racial and ethnic differences among chronic offenders, and offers various explanations of the patterns observed. It also presents recommendations for understanding these patterns and discusses implications for prevention and intervention efforts.

Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact: Preparation at the Local Level (pdf)

"Describes strategies that States and communities can use to reduce disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice system. This bulletin is a companion to the latest edition of OJJDP's Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual. It includes useful 'how to' information drawn from the manual and presents important background on the context in which local preparation takes place—media coverage and public attitudes about crime, race, and youth."

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Substance Abuse Among Southeast Asians in the U.S.: Implications for Practice and Research

"The literature on Asian-American substance use has shown a general increase in consumption and related problems due, in part, to the effects of acculturation toward U.S. drinking norms. Southeast Asians arc the most recent of Asian groups to come to the U.S., and have done so following an immigration and refugee experience that was among the most traumatic in recent memory resulting in significant levels of psychosocial distress. The combined influences of mental health disorders, which frequently co-occur with substance abuse, and acculturation pressures suggest that a significant increase in substance abuse problems may be in progress for Southeast Asian immigrants. The current article outlines the literature on substance abuse among Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians in the U.S., and makes tentative recommendations for assessment, treatment and future research."

Tagalog Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Tagalog translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

The Unclaimed Children Revisited, California Case Study (pdf)

"The purpose of the California Case Study is to identify, document, and analyze effective fiscal, infrastructural, and related policies that support research-informed practices for mental health services to children and adolescents in California."

Visibility Through Data: Health Information for Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Communities (pdf)

"This report summarizes information for providers working toward improving the health and well-being of urban American Indian and Alaska Native communities and is a resource that highlights specific health issues facing this population. "

Addressing the Gendered Dimensions of Harassment and Bullying: What domestic and sexual violence advocates need to know (pdf)

This issue brief brings to light important differences between bullying and harassment and speaks to the priorities and responsibilities of school districts in understanding these differences.

Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying (pdf)

2-page Fact Sheet posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Fact Sheet describes bullying and its effects and provides information about the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, which is designed to reduce bullying among elementary, middle, and junior high school children.

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview

The article examines the prevalence and domestic violence as a cause of traumatic stress in children.

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Evaluating G.R.E.A.T : A School-Based Gang Prevention Program (pdf)

Typical programs are directed at active gang members, and most target youths who are at risk for joining gangs. The G.R.E.A.T. program, in contrast, is presented to entire classrooms without attempting to predict which students are most likely to become involved with a gang. G.R.E.A.T. is aimed at middle school students and seeks to (1) reduce their involvement in gangs and delinquent behavior, (2) teach them consequences of gang involvement, and (3) help them develop positive relations with law enforcement. These three objectives are addressed through a nine hour curriculum taught in schools by uniformed law enforcement officers. Students are taught to set positive goals, resist negative pressures, resolve conflicts, and understand how gangs impact the quality of their lives. This report summarizes results of a five year study of the G.R.E.A.T. program. The study revealed that G.R.E.A.T. has modest positive effects on adolescents' attitudes and delinquency risk factors but no effects on their involvement in gangs and actual delinquent behaviors.

Female Gangs: A Focus on Research

This Bulletin represents a step toward rectifying the deficiencies of prior research. It summarizes past and present research and tracks the rise in the number of female gangs and the increased public recognition of female gang involvement as a significant social problem. The authors consider the motivations for female gang membership, assess the delinquency and criminal activity of female gang members, examine the influence of ethnicity and gender norms on female gang behavior, and discuss the long-term consequences of gang membership. Recommendations for future research are also offered.

Homeless in Minnesota 2003 (pdf)

Drawn from interviews with more than 3,000 homeless adults and youth throughout Minnesota, this research describes some of the causes, effects, and circumstances surrounding homelessness. It identifies relationships between homelessness, sexual abuse and domestic violence.

It All Starts At Home: Male Adolescent Violence to Mothers (pdf)

This research examined male adolescents' abuse and violence to their sole parent mothers living in Australia. The research highlighted cultural, intra-generational and intergenerational issues relating to family violence, as well as the significant and lasting cumulative impact on the women, where the abuse was experienced from the women's ex-partners and their sons.

Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report

This OJJDP Report presents a comprehensive, reliable, user-friendly account of juvenile offending, victimization of juveniles, and the justice system's response to these problems. National Report readers will find baseline information on juvenile population trends; patterns of juvenile victimization, including homicide, suicide, and maltreatment; the nature and extent of juvenile offending, including data on antisocial behavior and arrest rates; and the structure, procedures, and activities of the juvenile justice system, including law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections. The Report also offers the latest information on topics such as school crime, missing children, youth gangs, racial disparity in the juvenile justice system, reentry, and recidivism.

Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences and Direction for Intervention and Prevention (pdf)

Note: This document may take a few moments to load completely. This joint report by the National Center and the National Council on Crime and Delinquency analyzes existing, but largely unnoticed, research and data on the crime experiences of teenagers, ages 12 to 19, who make up 14 percent of the general population, but represent 25 percent of victims of violent crime. The report also outlines promising prevention and intervention strategies.

Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences, and Directions for Prevention and Intervention

The report provides a review of existing research on teen victimization and its impact on youth in America as well as information on promising prevention and intervention techniques.

Parent Abuse: The Abuse of Parents by Their Teenage Children (pdf)

Posted by the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Defines parent abuse and discusses how wide spread it is. Discusses who is likely to be abusive, who is likely to be abused, the effects it has on the family, and how to get help for the abusive youth.

Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach

"This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits."

Psychological Abuse: A Discussion Paper (pdf)

"This paper is a review of research on psychological abuse in interpersonal and family relationships including in settings such as long-term care residences.The paper presents research findings on the personal, economic and health related costs of psychological abuse to the individual and to society, and briefly outlines legal recourses for victims. It concludes by exploring ways to recognize and address psychological abuse, while emphasizing the importance of developing holistic approaches "

Resolving conflict creatively: Evaluating the developmental effects of a school-based violence prevention program in neighborhood and classroom context

"This study evaluated the short-term impact of a school-based violence prevention initiative on developmental processes thought to place children at risk for future aggression and violence and examined the influence of classrooms and neighborhood contexts on the effectiveness of the violence prevention initiative."

Teen Dating Violence: Information and Resources (pdf)

This is an information packet developed by the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence (NRCDV) as an introduction to the dynamics, prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence. The packet explores issues specific to teen dating violence, examines current provision of support services for teens and presents information about a variety of promising prevention /intervention strategies. The intent of packet contents is to examine some of the key dating violence issues currently facing teens and their advocates.

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence (pdf)

This document examines the economic effects of interpersonal violence, including sexual violence, as well as the economic effects of interventions seeking to reduce violence and the ways in which economic factors such as poverty and income inequality contribute to violence.

The Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders in Children and Youth (pdf)

"This publication reviews general population studies, disaster research, child maltreatment studies, and special population studies that report the prevalence of PTSD in children, adolescents, and young adults. It includes a brief discussion of the cumulative adverse effects of traumatic stress experienced from infancy through adolescence."

The Facts On Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

A fact sheet created by FVPF on the prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence.

The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research (pdf)

"Research evidence suggests that exposure to violence through various forms of media increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer’s part, just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of them behaving violently. In this article, this research evidence is critically assessed and the psychological theory that explains why exposure to violence has detrimental effects for both the short and long-term is elaborated. Finally the size of the “media violence effect” is compared with some other well-known threats to society to estimate how important a threat it should be considered."

Understanding Youth Violence Factsheet (pdf)

This fact sheet is a quick look at statistics and issue areas concerning youth violence in the United States. Headings include, "Why is youth violence a public health problem", and "Who is at risk for youth violence".

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Youth Exposed to Domestic Violence: A Handbook for the Juvenile Justice System to Enhance Assessment and Intervention Strategies for Youth from Violent Homes (pdf)

This handbook contains information that will help you learn about: domestic violence and its impact on adolescents; evaluating risk and safety planning for victims of domestic violence; coordinated justice responses to domestic violence and the role of juvenile custody programs and probation; risk assessment and reduction with adolescent perpetrators of intimate partner and family violence; promising practices for adolescent perpetrators of intimate partner and family violence; and resources on domestic violence for adolescent victims and perpetrators.

Youth Gangs in Schools (pdf)

This Bulletin analyzes findings from the School Crime Supplements (SCS) to the National Crime Victim Survey, describes characteristics of gangs in schools, and discusses contributory factors to gang prevalence in schools. The impact of gang presence in schools on victimization is also reviewed.

Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities - The Different Story of Delinquent Youth as Told by the Media and by Juvenile Justice System Professionals and the Youth Themselves (pdf)

"This report examines the youth perspective on violence, life circumstance, and the response of the justice system to a supposed growth of violence among troubled youth. The report was also part of testimony before the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on February 11, 2009."

Youth Violence: Fact Sheet

A fact sheet on youth violence compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detailing risk factors, consequences, occurrence, and much more.

Characteristics of Juvenile Suicide in Confinement (pdf)

"This bulletin provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. This OJJDP Bulletin provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on delinquency cases handled in U.S. juvenile courts between 1985 and 2005."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Human Rights Watch World Report 2010 (pdf)

"This 20th annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. It reflects extensive investigative work undertaken in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff, usually in close partnership with human rights activists in the country in question."

Juvenile Arrests 2007 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2007 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2007."

Juvenile Arrests 2008 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2008 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2008."

Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2004: Selected Findings (pdf)

"A biannual census, developed to support the vital role of corrections in maintaining the safety of the community and providing essential services to confined youth. Facilities report on characteristics such as their size, structure, type, ownership, and security arrangements. Facilities also provide information on a range of services they provide to youth in their care. In addition, facilities report on the number of deaths of youth in custody during the prior 12 months."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

No Place for Kids:The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration (pdf)

This report details flaws in the United States heavy reliance on juvenile correctional institutions. After detailing how these institutions are ineffective and dangerous for our nations youth, the report concludes with recommendations for states on how to reduce juvenile incarceration and redesign their juvenile corrections systems.

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact: Preparation at the Local Level (pdf)

"Describes strategies that States and communities can use to reduce disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice system. This bulletin is a companion to the latest edition of OJJDP's Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual. It includes useful 'how to' information drawn from the manual and presents important background on the context in which local preparation takes place—media coverage and public attitudes about crime, race, and youth."

Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09 (pdf)

"The report provides national-level and facility-level estimates of sexual victimization by type of activity, including youth-on-youth sexual contact, staff sexual misconduct, and level of coercion. It also includes an analysis of the experience of sexual victimization, characteristics of youth most at risk to victimization, where the incidents occur, time of day, characteristics of perpetrators, and nature of the injuries."

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

Trauma among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"This review suggests that trauma-sensitive and gender-specific programming and treatment models are needed in order to address needs and prevent re-traumatization of girls in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the treatment models should provide girls with developmentally reparative experiences that address not only PTSD but also issues of identity, trust, safety, body image, physical self care, affect regulation, peer group selection and engagement, and sexuality."

Trauma-Focused Interventions for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"Numerous studies document that many of the youth in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to myriad traumatic events, either as victims or as witnesses. Because of this exposure, many of these youths have developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related disorders. This document reviews trauma-focused, family-based, and group-based interventions that show promise for use with youth in the juvenile justice system."

Crimes Against People with Disabilities, 2007 (pdf)

"Using 2007 National Crime Victimization Survey data, the study found that persons with disabilities were victims of about 47,000 rapes. Rates of rape and sexual assault were more than twice those for people without disabilities. In addition, youth with a disability ages 12 to 19 experienced violence at nearly twice the rate as those without a disability."

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

A Development Approach to Working with Teen Victims (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the need for service providers to understand adolescent development in order to effectively provide interventions for teen victims of abuse.

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Evaluation for Improvement: A Seven-step Empowerment Evaluation Approach for Violence Prevention Organizations (pdf)

"This manual is designed to help violence prevention organizations hire an empowerment evaluator who will assist them in building their evaluation capacity through a learn-by-doing process of evaluating their own strategies. It is for state and local leaders and staff members of organizations, coalitions, government agencies, and/or partnerships working to prevent sexual violence, intimate partner violence, youth violence, suicide, and/or child maltreatment."

Human Rights Watch World Report 2010 (pdf)

"This 20th annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. It reflects extensive investigative work undertaken in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff, usually in close partnership with human rights activists in the country in question."

Impact of the Law on Service to Teens (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the challenges that laws at the state and federal level pose, how they can impact the way service providers serve teens and how teens respond to adult interventions. Suggested strategies are given for programs and agencies working to serve teen victims of abuse.

Including Animal Cruelty as a Factor in Assessing Risk and Designing Interventions (pdf)

This paper assesses the feasibility and usefulness of including animal cruelty as a variable in future research and practices, as well as makes recommendations of how this can be accomplished. In addition, recommended policy changes are discussed, including the practice of maintaining statistics on juvenile animal cruelty and the current proposal before the Federal Bureau of Investigation to add animal cruelty as a separate category in the agency’s crime data collection system.

It All Starts At Home: Male Adolescent Violence to Mothers (pdf)

This research examined male adolescents' abuse and violence to their sole parent mothers living in Australia. The research highlighted cultural, intra-generational and intergenerational issues relating to family violence, as well as the significant and lasting cumulative impact on the women, where the abuse was experienced from the women's ex-partners and their sons.

Juvenile Domestic and Family Violence: The Effects of Court-Based Intervention Programs on Recidivism (pdf)

"This study tested the effectiveness of two court-based intervention programs in California that addressed juvenile domestic and family violence. Primary findings from the study indicated recidivism rates for offenders with prior records were remarkably consistent across sites, the specialized intervention programs in both Santa Clara and San Francisco counties had a deterrent effect on first-time offenders, and the greatest determinant of the probability of recidivism was background characteristics of the offender."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Tagalog Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Tagalog translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Technology and Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

This issue brief explains the ways technology can be used as tools of abuse. It offers tips to providers working on safety planning with teens experiencing abuse.

The Facts about Teen Dating Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on teen dating violence. Information includes a working definition, exploration of different forms of teen dating violence and legal protections for victims of teen dating violence.

The Runaway & Homeless Youth and Relationship Violence Toolkit

This toolkit was developed by and for advocates in the runaway and homeless youth and domestic violence and sexual assault fields. Includes up to date research and resources as well as evaluation tools for programs providing services to youth.

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Visibility Through Data: Health Information for Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Communities (pdf)

"This report summarizes information for providers working toward improving the health and well-being of urban American Indian and Alaska Native communities and is a resource that highlights specific health issues facing this population. "

Widening Our Lens (pdf)

"This brochure presents a comprehensive strategy to address the impact of child maltreatment, interpersonal, and family violence on youth."

A Guide to Assessing Your Community’s Youth Gang Problem (pdf)

This guide was developed to assist policymakers, practitioners, and community leaders in assessing and understanding their youth gang problems and developing an integrated plan to reduce gang crime in their community. The approach includes several essential elements including a steering committee, community assessment, targeting, an implementation plan, an intervention team, community capacity building, and ongoing data collection.

Best Practices To Address Community Gang Problems: OJJDP's Comprehensive Gang Model (pdf)

"This report provides guidance for communities that are considering how best to address a youth gang problem that already exists or threatens to become a reality. The guidance is based on the implementation of the Comprehensive Gang Model (Model), which was developed by Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Report also describes the research that produced the Model, notes essential findings from evaluations of several programs demonstrating the Model in a variety of environments, and outlines 'best practices' obtained from practitioners with years of experience in planning, implementing, and overseeing variations of the Model in their communities."

Dreams, Gangs and Guns: The Interplay Between Adolescent Violence and Immigration in a New York City Neighborhood (pdf)

This study examined the effect immigration had on a sample of adolescents and their immigrant parents, as well as on the adolescents' adaptation to the organization of conflict in the neighborhood where their parents lived.

Early Precursors of Gang Membership: A Study of Seattle Youth (pdf)

5-page Bulletin. Posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Seattle Social Development Study is a longitudinal study of youth living in high-crime neighborhoods. Its findings offer an opportunity to enhance understanding of the predictors of gang participation.

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Evaluating G.R.E.A.T : A School-Based Gang Prevention Program (pdf)

Typical programs are directed at active gang members, and most target youths who are at risk for joining gangs. The G.R.E.A.T. program, in contrast, is presented to entire classrooms without attempting to predict which students are most likely to become involved with a gang. G.R.E.A.T. is aimed at middle school students and seeks to (1) reduce their involvement in gangs and delinquent behavior, (2) teach them consequences of gang involvement, and (3) help them develop positive relations with law enforcement. These three objectives are addressed through a nine hour curriculum taught in schools by uniformed law enforcement officers. Students are taught to set positive goals, resist negative pressures, resolve conflicts, and understand how gangs impact the quality of their lives. This report summarizes results of a five year study of the G.R.E.A.T. program. The study revealed that G.R.E.A.T. has modest positive effects on adolescents' attitudes and delinquency risk factors but no effects on their involvement in gangs and actual delinquent behaviors.

Female Gangs: A Focus on Research

This Bulletin represents a step toward rectifying the deficiencies of prior research. It summarizes past and present research and tracks the rise in the number of female gangs and the increased public recognition of female gang involvement as a significant social problem. The authors consider the motivations for female gang membership, assess the delinquency and criminal activity of female gang members, examine the influence of ethnicity and gender norms on female gang behavior, and discuss the long-term consequences of gang membership. Recommendations for future research are also offered.

Highlights of the 1999 National Youth Gang Survey (pdf)

This two page report contains the highlights of the 1999 National Youth Gang Survey.

Law Enforcement Referral of At-Risk Youth: The SHIELD Program

This Bulletin describes how the SHIELD program mobilizes these assets to identify youth at risk of involvement in violent behavior, substance abuse, and gang activity and to address their needs through a multidisciplinary team approach involving representatives from the community, schools, and service agencies.

National Youth Gang Survey Trends From 1996 to 2000 (pdf)

2-page Fact Sheet from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. This Fact Sheet highlights findings from the five National Youth Gang Surveys conducted annually since 1996 by the National Youth Gang Center (NYGC), which is funded by OJJDP. The survey polls a nationally representative sample of more than 3,000 law enforcement agencies.

Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement

12-page Bulletin is posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention . This Bulletin examines the youth gang problem in the larger context of juvenile violence. While there are no simple solutions to ending the youth gang problem, the Bulletin provides the reader with information to better understand its complexity, while dispelling common gang stereotypes. The Bulletin offers a solid foundation on which to build a comprehensive strategy to prevent youth gang involvement.

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence (pdf)

This document examines the economic effects of interpersonal violence, including sexual violence, as well as the economic effects of interventions seeking to reduce violence and the ways in which economic factors such as poverty and income inequality contribute to violence.

The Growth of Youth Gang Problems in the United States: 1970-1998

Comprehensive study of the growth of youth gang problems in the United States from 1970 to 1998. The Report's trend and rate analyses are used to project prospects for future gang locality trends. Forecasting a leveling off or even reduction in the prevalence of youth gang problems, the author advises that comprehensive quality gang surveys should continue to be conducted to monitor progress.

Trauma in the Lives of Gang-Involved Youth: Tips for Volunteers and Community Organizations (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains why trauma is so prevalent among gang-involved youth, and provides tips for community organizations and volunteers on working with this population."

Your Child and Gangs: What You Need to Know about Trauma - Tips for Parents (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains the appeal of gang involvement for traumatized youth, and offers information for parents on helping their children cope with the aftermath of trauma."

Youth Gangs in Schools (pdf)

This Bulletin analyzes findings from the School Crime Supplements (SCS) to the National Crime Victim Survey, describes characteristics of gangs in schools, and discusses contributory factors to gang prevalence in schools. The impact of gang presence in schools on victimization is also reviewed.

Youth Violence Documents

Provides texts of numerous articles related to gangs, youth violence, school violence and drug trafficking.

American Medical Association Violence Prevention Information

Link to section of AMA website that includes information on Preparing your Practice to Address Family Violence, AMA violence-related reports and policies, Youth Violence Prevention Training and Outreach Guide, and other violence and abuse resources.

Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem (pdf)

"Attention is growing about the risk of adolescents to become victims of aggression perpetrated by peers with new technology. In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of experts in technology and youth aggression to examine this specific risk. This article presents the data and recommendations for future directions discussed at the meeting. The data supports the argument that electronic aggression is an emerging public health problem in need of additional research to support the development and evaluation of effective prevention programs."

Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2004: Selected Findings (pdf)

"A biannual census, developed to support the vital role of corrections in maintaining the safety of the community and providing essential services to confined youth. Facilities report on characteristics such as their size, structure, type, ownership, and security arrangements. Facilities also provide information on a range of services they provide to youth in their care. In addition, facilities report on the number of deaths of youth in custody during the prior 12 months."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Plain Talk about Spanking

A resource on the impacts of spanking on children's growth and development.

Preliminary Adaptations for Working with Traumatized Latino/Hispanic Children and Their Families (pdf)

The Culture and Trauma Briefs series serves to support the NCTSN commitment to raising the standard of care for traumatized children, their families, and their communities by highlighting the diversity of needs and experiences of those children, families, and communities.
This report was developed through information gathered via a preliminary focus group of bilingual/bicultural therapists at a children's hospital in California to address the needs of diverse Latino populations seeking care.

Preventing and Responding to Teen Dating Violence

This special collection emphasizes collaborative and multilevel approaches to the prevention of, and response to, teen dating violence. It draws on the work of many organizations and organizes the resources on TDV prevention and responses by different populations.

Prevention is for Life HIV/AIDS: Dispatches from the Field (pdf)

"This advocacy booklet uses real-life examples to explain how HIV prevention can save lives in diverse cultural and geographical settings. It includes chapters on youth and HIV, condom programming, protecting women and girls, linking HIV prevention with other sexual and reproductive health care, and empowering populations who are at particular risk."

Psychological Abuse: A Discussion Paper (pdf)

"This paper is a review of research on psychological abuse in interpersonal and family relationships including in settings such as long-term care residences.The paper presents research findings on the personal, economic and health related costs of psychological abuse to the individual and to society, and briefly outlines legal recourses for victims. It concludes by exploring ways to recognize and address psychological abuse, while emphasizing the importance of developing holistic approaches "

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Trauma among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"This review suggests that trauma-sensitive and gender-specific programming and treatment models are needed in order to address needs and prevent re-traumatization of girls in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the treatment models should provide girls with developmentally reparative experiences that address not only PTSD but also issues of identity, trust, safety, body image, physical self care, affect regulation, peer group selection and engagement, and sexuality."

Understanding School Violence Fact Sheet 2008 (pdf)

An updated fact sheet compiled by the CDC explaining what school violence is, risk factors, health effects, prevention strategies, and much more.

Visibility Through Data: Health Information for Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Communities (pdf)

"This report summarizes information for providers working toward improving the health and well-being of urban American Indian and Alaska Native communities and is a resource that highlights specific health issues facing this population. "

Women and Health: Today’s Evidence, Tomorrow’s Agenda (pdf)

"This report reviews evidence on the health issues that particularly affect girls and women throughout their life course. This report uses currently available data to draw attention to the consequences and costs of failing to address health issues at appropriate points in their lives."

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach

"This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits."

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Substance Abuse Among Southeast Asians in the U.S.: Implications for Practice and Research

"The literature on Asian-American substance use has shown a general increase in consumption and related problems due, in part, to the effects of acculturation toward U.S. drinking norms. Southeast Asians arc the most recent of Asian groups to come to the U.S., and have done so following an immigration and refugee experience that was among the most traumatic in recent memory resulting in significant levels of psychosocial distress. The combined influences of mental health disorders, which frequently co-occur with substance abuse, and acculturation pressures suggest that a significant increase in substance abuse problems may be in progress for Southeast Asian immigrants. The current article outlines the literature on substance abuse among Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians in the U.S., and makes tentative recommendations for assessment, treatment and future research."

UN study on Violence Against Children

"A press release on a new effort to provide a detailed global picture of the nature, extent and causes of violence against children, and propose clear recommendations for action to prevent and reduce such violence. The study focuses on violence against children in five settings: the home and family, schools and educational settings, other institutional settings (orphanages, children in conflict with the law), the community and on the streets, and work situations. "

A Parents' Guide to Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats (pdf)

This document provides insight and guidelines for cyber concerns to prevent your child from being victimized by or engaging in harmful behavior online. It also provides guidance on intervention actions.

Children’s Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey (pdf)

"This Bulletin discusses the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence that measured the past-year and lifetime exposure to violence for children age 17 and younger across several major categories: conventional crime, child maltreatment, victimization by peers and siblings, sexual victimization, witnessing and indirect victimization (including exposure to community violence and family violence), school violence and threats, and Internet victimization."

Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students (pdf)

"This study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students. The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. As children’s use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem (pdf)

"Attention is growing about the risk of adolescents to become victims of aggression perpetrated by peers with new technology. In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of experts in technology and youth aggression to examine this specific risk. This article presents the data and recommendations for future directions discussed at the meeting. The data supports the argument that electronic aggression is an emerging public health problem in need of additional research to support the development and evaluation of effective prevention programs."

Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

"A Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the Multi-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States. The scope of the Task Force's inquiry was to consider those technologies that industry and end users - including parents - can use to help keep minors safer on the Internet."

Managing the Media Monster: The Influence of Media (from Television to Text Messages) on Teen Sexual Behavior and Attitudes (pdf)

"This report examines how the media influences sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, both positively and negatively. Topics include: (1) an overview of what is currently known about the effects of sexual content in the entertainment media young people typically use; (2) a review of 25 evaluated, peer-reviewed interventions from 19 countries on how effective media interventions have been in addressing adolescents' reproductive health and recommendations to consider when developing media interventions; and (3) a review of more than 20 media-based-interventions for sexual and reproductive health that have been conducted in the United States."

Media Savvy Youth: Challenging the Pop Culture Messages that Contribute to Sexual Violence (pdf)

"This issue of 'Connections - A Biannual Publication of Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs' shares insight from programs that are empowering youth to become media savvy by giving them the tools to be critical consumers and gain a voice around issues of sexual violence."

Online Victimization of Youth: Five Years Later (pdf)

"This second groundbreaking national survey of 1,500 youth aged 10 to 17 documented their use of the Internet and experiences while online including unwanted exposure to sexual solicitation, sexual material, and harassment. It was produced in cooperation with OJJDP and the University of New Hampshire’s Crimes against Children Research Center and includes recommendations to help make the Internet safer for children."

Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying (pdf)

"The purpose of the present study was to contrast the prevalence of Internet bullying with physical and verbal bullying among elementary, middle, and high school boys and girls, and to examine whether key predictors of physical and verbal bullying also predicted Internet bullying."

Technology and Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

This issue brief explains the ways technology can be used as tools of abuse. It offers tips to providers working on safety planning with teens experiencing abuse.

Technology and Youth: Protecting your Child from Electronic Aggression Tip Sheet (pdf)

"This tipsheet provides an overview of electronic aggression, any type of harassment or bullying that occurs through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website (including blogs), or text messaging. It provides parents and caregivers with strategies for protecting children from this type of violence. "

Technology Safety & Advocacy Special Collection

This special collection includes a categorized and annotated listing of selected articles, fact sheets, papers, reports and other materials regarding the use of technology as it impacts and intersects with violence against women and children. It is offered as an additional tool to assist advocates working on and interested in the safe use of technology.

THE EXPOSURE OF YOUTH TO UNWANTED SEXUAL MATERIAL ON THE INTERNET A National Survey of Risk, Impact, and Prevention (pdf)

"This national survey of youth, ages 10 to 17, and their caretakers has several implications for the current debate about young people and Internet pornography. Twenty five percent of youth had unwanted exposure to sexual pictures on the Internet in the past year, challenging the prevalent assumption that the problem is primarily about young people motivated to actively seek out pornography. Most youth had no negative reactions to their unwanted exposure, but one quarter said they were very or extremely upset, suggesting a priority need for more research on and interventions directed toward such negative effects. The authors urge that social scientific research be undertaken to inform this highly contentious public policy controversy."

The Facts about Teen Dating Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on teen dating violence. Information includes a working definition, exploration of different forms of teen dating violence and legal protections for victims of teen dating violence.

The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research (pdf)

"Research evidence suggests that exposure to violence through various forms of media increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer’s part, just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of them behaving violently. In this article, this research evidence is critically assessed and the psychological theory that explains why exposure to violence has detrimental effects for both the short and long-term is elaborated. Finally the size of the “media violence effect” is compared with some other well-known threats to society to estimate how important a threat it should be considered."

The Role of Information Communications Technologies in Violence Prevention (pdf)

This paper, part of a Dec 2011 Institute of Medicine workshop on violence prevention, provides a brief introduction to the current and potential role that information and communication technologies (ICTs) can play in the prevention and reduction of violence.

A Development Approach to Working with Teen Victims (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the need for service providers to understand adolescent development in order to effectively provide interventions for teen victims of abuse.

Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying (pdf)

2-page Fact Sheet posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Fact Sheet describes bullying and its effects and provides information about the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, which is designed to reduce bullying among elementary, middle, and junior high school children.

Addressing Youth Victimization

2001 Bulletin. The Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention published Combating Violence and Delinquency: The National Juvenile Justice Action Plan in 1996. This report established eight objectives as the foundation for innovative and effective action by Federal, State, and local governments, in partnership with private sector organizations, to reduce juvenile violence and victimization. This Bulletin, the first in a series on the implementation of the Action Plan, summarizes the accomplishments of Council member agencies in meeting one of the Action Plan's eight objectives and numerous related action steps.

Anger, Interpersonal Relationships, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Bullying Boys Who Are Treated With Outpatient Family Therapy (pdf)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of outpatient family psychotherapy as a monotherapy for anger reduction and improvement of behavior and interpersonal relationships and of health-related quality of life in young males with bullying behavior. After 6 months of therapy and a year follow up, the results of this study show that outpatient family therapy seems to be an effective method of reducing anger and improving interpersonal relationships and health-related quality of life in male youths with bullying behavior.

Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth

"This report describes findings and analysis regarding the cost-effectiveness of research-based prevention and early intervention programs for youth with a demonstrated ability to achieve 7 outcomes including reduction in child abuse and domestic violence."

Blueprints for Violence Prevention (pdf)

This report by the OJJDP describes 11 model programs and 21 promising programs that demonstrated evidence of effectiveness in delinquency, violence, and substance abuse prevention and reduction. The report describes the Blueprints programs, presents lessons learned about program implementation and provides recommendations for program designers, funders, and implementing agencies and organizations.

Close the Book on Hate: Responding to Hate Motivated Behaviors in Schools

Discusses hate incidents and hate crimes. Gives lesson plans and teaching tips regarding responding to hate-motivated behavior in schools, holiday activities guidelines, anti-bias education, creating a positive environment in which to raise diversity issues, and resources.

Creating Safe Environments: Violence Prevention Strategies and Programs

This document addresses the increased need for specific primary prevention programs of various types of violence. Gang-violence, Sexual Violence, Adolescent and Adult Intimate Partner Violence, as well as others are addressed. Specific examples of promising programs and practices currently in existence throughout the United States are detailed.

Disproportionate Minority Contact (pdf)

"This publication provides an overview of OJJDP’s efforts to reduce disproportionate minority contact (DMC). Includes a description of OJJDP’s DMC Reduction Model which helps states determine whether disproportionality exists and, if it does, guides the establishment of multipronged intervention strategies to ensure equal treatment of all youth. The fact sheet also includes a summary of states’ DMC-reduction activities derived from compliance plans submitted in fiscal year 2008."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Frequently Asked Questions on Safe School Policies for LGBT Students (pdf)

Fact sheet designed to address many of the frequently asked questions about how schools can best protect lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students from harassement and discrimination while at the same time protect themselves from potential liability.

From the Courthouse to the Schoolhouse: Making a Successful Transition

A 16-page bulletin from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin describes effective approaches to reintegrating youth from juvenile justice system settings into the education mainstream and provides information about promising programs, practices, and resources.

From Words To Weapons: The Violence Surrounding Our Schools (pdf)

Report from a study where 1,802 students of the Los Angeles Unified School District were surveyed on a range of issues related to their experiences with violence, their own and their friends' weapons possession and their suggestions for ways to lessen violence, racial tension and conflict.

Guide for Preventing and Responding to School Violence (pdf)

Outlines strategies and approaches for members of school communities to consider when creating safer learning environments. Offers guidance for school violence prevention and response in the following areas: prevention, threat assessment, planning and preparation, during a crisis, after a crisis, legal considerations, and working with the media. A list of Web sites pertaining to school safety and violence reduction is included.

Helping Traumatized Children at School

A paper that discusses school interventions for traumatized children. It provides some of the guidelines and resources for use when youth's traumas affect their ability to function at school.

Helping Traumatized Children: Tips for Judges (pdf)

"This fact sheet for judges and other court personnel outlines the impact of trauma on children's development, beliefs, and behaviors. It is designed to help professionals in the juvenile justice and family court system become more effective in addressing the unique needs and challenges of the traumatized children and adolescents they work with."

Implementation of the Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Program

19-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin provides an overview of the IAP model and describes its implementation over the first 3 years by participating sites in Colorado, Nevada, New Jersey, and Virginia.

Increasing School Safety Through Juvenile Accountability

16-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The author of this Bulletin, part of OJJDP's JAIBG Best Practices Series, recommends a comprehensive, collaborative approach that involves students, parents, and school officials. The Bulletin describes key elements of effective school-based accountability programs, delineates the steps essential to successful program implementation, and provides examples of promising programs and best practices.

Juvenile Domestic and Family Violence: The Effects of Court-Based Intervention Programs on Recidivism (pdf)

"This study tested the effectiveness of two court-based intervention programs in California that addressed juvenile domestic and family violence. Primary findings from the study indicated recidivism rates for offenders with prior records were remarkably consistent across sites, the specialized intervention programs in both Santa Clara and San Francisco counties had a deterrent effect on first-time offenders, and the greatest determinant of the probability of recidivism was background characteristics of the offender."

Juvenile Mentoring Program: A Progress Review

8-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin lists the parameters under which the current 164 JUMP projects operate and describes the scope and methodology of JUMP's ongoing national evaluation. This Bulletin provides information and additional resources that will enable readers to assess JUMP's merits for their communities.

Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency? (pdf)

"Provides an overview of research on the deterrent effects of transferring youth from juvenile to criminal courts, focusing on large-scale comprehensive OJJDP-funded studies on the effect of transfer laws on recidivism. The Bulletin reviews all of the extant research on the general and specific deterrent effects of transferring juveniles to adult criminal court."

Juveniles Facing Criminal Sanctions: Three States That Changed the Rules (pdf)

This Report, posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), examines the use of adult criminal sanctions by three States: Minnesota, New Mexico, and Wisconsin. The Report provides case studies of each State's approach to reform. The particular reform is detailed, its significance is noted, and its goals are elucidated. The impact of the reform on the juvenile justice and criminal justice systems is also described.

Kids Killing Kids

This report outlines ways to address youth violence. It is a response to the current acts of violence in our schools.

Law Enforcement Referral of At-Risk Youth: The SHIELD Program

This Bulletin describes how the SHIELD program mobilizes these assets to identify youth at risk of involvement in violent behavior, substance abuse, and gang activity and to address their needs through a multidisciplinary team approach involving representatives from the community, schools, and service agencies.

Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools - Second Edition

This compendium provides a set of tools to assess violence-related beliefs, behaviors, and influences, as well as to evaluate programs to prevent youth violence. More than 170 measures are included. Some examples of measures include: "Violent Intentions—Teen Conflict Survey", "Aggressive Behavior—SAGE Baseline Survey", and "Drug and Alcohol Use—Youth Risk Behavior Survey"

National Youth Court Center

2-page Fact Sheet, May 2000, posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). To create a central point of contact for youth court programs, OJJDP established NYCC in 1999 at the American Probation and Parole Association in Lexington, KY. The Center provides training, technical assistance, and resource materials to developing and established youth courts. This Fact Sheet describes NYCC and its services.

Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences and Direction for Intervention and Prevention (pdf)

Note: This document may take a few moments to load completely. This joint report by the National Center and the National Council on Crime and Delinquency analyzes existing, but largely unnoticed, research and data on the crime experiences of teenagers, ages 12 to 19, who make up 14 percent of the general population, but represent 25 percent of victims of violent crime. The report also outlines promising prevention and intervention strategies.

Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences, and Directions for Prevention and Intervention

The report provides a review of existing research on teen victimization and its impact on youth in America as well as information on promising prevention and intervention techniques.

Parent Abuse: The Abuse of Parents by Their Teenage Children (pdf)

Posted by the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Defines parent abuse and discusses how wide spread it is. Discusses who is likely to be abusive, who is likely to be abused, the effects it has on the family, and how to get help for the abusive youth.

Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach

"This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits."

Prevention of Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending (pdf)

Prevention of Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending is a 15-page Bulletin by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin describes some of the developmental precursors to such offending and offers effective approaches to its prevention that are family, parent, and child focused. Examples of well-designed intervention programs are also provided.

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

Race, Ethnicity, and Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending

June 2000. Discusses racial and ethnic differences in the rates of serious and violent offending among juveniles. Discribes various data sources and notes their relative strengths and weaknesses for purposes of identifying racial and ethnic patterns. Summarizes statistics on national trends in juvenile offending by race and ethnicity, discusses research findings on racial and ethnic differences among chronic offenders, and offers various explanations of the patterns observed. It also presents recommendations for understanding these patterns and discusses implications for prevention and intervention efforts.

Raising Children to Resist Violence: What You Can Do

Raising Children to Resist Violence: What You Can Do is a six-page guide from the American Psychological Association.

Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact: Preparation at the Local Level (pdf)

"Describes strategies that States and communities can use to reduce disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice system. This bulletin is a companion to the latest edition of OJJDP's Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual. It includes useful 'how to' information drawn from the manual and presents important background on the context in which local preparation takes place—media coverage and public attitudes about crime, race, and youth."

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

School Crisis Preparedness

Page that discusses school crisis preparedness. Gives steps to enhance preparedness and links to sample guidelines.

School Disaster: Planning and Initial Interventions

This paper examines the roles and responses of administrators, teachers and staff, and parents as well as those of children following disaster. The following issues will be discussed: 1) primary intervention; 2) secondary intervention; 3) the intervention team; 4)administrators and staff; 5)parents and children; and psychological first aid.

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Taking the Bully by the Horns

Article regarding bullies in school and on the school bus and how parents and teachers can put a stop to this kind of behavior.

Teen Dating Violence: A Review of Risk Factors and Prevention Efforts (pdf)

This article provides a critical review of the dating violence literature with respect to potential risk factors for both perpetrators and victims and examines the empirical research regarding the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs targeting teen dating violence. The document also provides recommendations for future research and potential policy implications.

The 8% Solution (pdf)

November 2001 Factsheet. The Orange County (CA) Probation Department found that a small percentage (8 percent) of juveniles arrested repeatedly accounted for most (55 percent) of the repeat cases. This 2-page Fact Sheet describes the California 8% Solution study, which assesses the needs of such youth, and the 8% Early Intervention Program, which provides them with treatment services.

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence (pdf)

This document examines the economic effects of interpersonal violence, including sexual violence, as well as the economic effects of interventions seeking to reduce violence and the ways in which economic factors such as poverty and income inequality contribute to violence.

The Runaway & Homeless Youth and Relationship Violence Toolkit

This toolkit was developed by and for advocates in the runaway and homeless youth and domestic violence and sexual assault fields. Includes up to date research and resources as well as evaluation tools for programs providing services to youth.

Trauma-Focused Interventions for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"Numerous studies document that many of the youth in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to myriad traumatic events, either as victims or as witnesses. Because of this exposure, many of these youths have developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related disorders. This document reviews trauma-focused, family-based, and group-based interventions that show promise for use with youth in the juvenile justice system."

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Working with Young Men Who Batter: Current Strategies and New Directions

This article offers an overview of the recent juvenile batterer intervention programs. It identifies risk factors for teen dating violence perpetration as described by the literature and considers the utility of these findings, describes efforts to prevent re-offenses by juvenile perpetrators of domestic violence, discusses several shortcomings inherent in post-crisis intervention, and outlines current challenges within the field.

Youth Exposed to Domestic Violence: A Handbook for the Juvenile Justice System to Enhance Assessment and Intervention Strategies for Youth from Violent Homes (pdf)

This handbook contains information that will help you learn about: domestic violence and its impact on adolescents; evaluating risk and safety planning for victims of domestic violence; coordinated justice responses to domestic violence and the role of juvenile custody programs and probation; risk assessment and reduction with adolescent perpetrators of intimate partner and family violence; promising practices for adolescent perpetrators of intimate partner and family violence; and resources on domestic violence for adolescent victims and perpetrators.

Youth Violence Factsheets

The Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence has published over 50 factsheets related to youth violence and aggression.

2010 Family Violence Legislative Update (pdf)

Every year, the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges Family Violence Department writes a legislative update. This document provides legislative trends and new domestic violence related legislation for most states. Only those states which did not have legislative sessions in 2010 have no new reports.

2010 State Law Report Cards on Teen Dating Violence

A 2010 State-by-State Teen Dating Violence Report Card from Break The Cycle. Includes recommendations for improving state laws and policies to better protect victims, changes in the laws that affect teens experiencing abuse, and a revised scoring system that better assesses the impact of state laws on teens seeking protection orders.

Balancing Obligations: Serving Teen Victims and Mandated Reporting of Statutory Rape (pdf)

This issue brief addresses the importance of preserving confidentiality while working with teen victims of abuse, at the same time fulfilling the service provider's legal duties.

Barriers and Promising Approaches to Workforce and Youth Development for Young Offenders (pdf)

"This toolkit was created to address three objectives: identify barriers to success in juvenile justice -- both for the system and for the young people in it; survey innovative state and local policy initiatives; and showcase exemplary employment and development programs for court-involved youth."

Children’s and Adolescents’ Participation and Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (pdf)

"A paper reviewing government commitments to strengthen participation by children and adolescents to protect them from sexual abuse and exploitation. The paper provides recommendations for further research, policy development, and programming to support advocacy and practice with and by children and adolescents. "

Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on delinquency cases handled in U.S. juvenile courts between 1985 and 2005."

Delinquency Cases Waived to Criminal Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on petitioned delinquency cases waived to criminal court between 1985 and 2005."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Disproportionate Minority Contact (pdf)

"This publication provides an overview of OJJDP’s efforts to reduce disproportionate minority contact (DMC). Includes a description of OJJDP’s DMC Reduction Model which helps states determine whether disproportionality exists and, if it does, guides the establishment of multipronged intervention strategies to ensure equal treatment of all youth. The fact sheet also includes a summary of states’ DMC-reduction activities derived from compliance plans submitted in fiscal year 2008."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming

This guide describes practical policy, program development processes, and promising program models aimed at preventing and treating female juvenile delinquency. Also includes a profile of female juvenile offenders, the problems they present, their needs, and ways to address them.

Helping Traumatized Children: Tips for Judges (pdf)

"This fact sheet for judges and other court personnel outlines the impact of trauma on children's development, beliefs, and behaviors. It is designed to help professionals in the juvenile justice and family court system become more effective in addressing the unique needs and challenges of the traumatized children and adolescents they work with."

Impact of the Law on Service to Teens (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the challenges that laws at the state and federal level pose, how they can impact the way service providers serve teens and how teens respond to adult interventions. Suggested strategies are given for programs and agencies working to serve teen victims of abuse.

Juvenile Arrests 2007 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2007 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2007."

Juvenile Delinquency Probation Caseload, 2005 (pdf)

A fact sheet based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report. Presents statistics on delinquency cases resulting in probation in 2005.

Juvenile Domestic and Family Violence: The Effects of Court-Based Intervention Programs on Recidivism (pdf)

"This study tested the effectiveness of two court-based intervention programs in California that addressed juvenile domestic and family violence. Primary findings from the study indicated recidivism rates for offenders with prior records were remarkably consistent across sites, the specialized intervention programs in both Santa Clara and San Francisco counties had a deterrent effect on first-time offenders, and the greatest determinant of the probability of recidivism was background characteristics of the offender."

Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency? (pdf)

"Provides an overview of research on the deterrent effects of transferring youth from juvenile to criminal courts, focusing on large-scale comprehensive OJJDP-funded studies on the effect of transfer laws on recidivism. The Bulletin reviews all of the extant research on the general and specific deterrent effects of transferring juveniles to adult criminal court."

Juveniles Facing Criminal Sanctions: Three States That Changed the Rules (pdf)

This Report, posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), examines the use of adult criminal sanctions by three States: Minnesota, New Mexico, and Wisconsin. The Report provides case studies of each State's approach to reform. The particular reform is detailed, its significance is noted, and its goals are elucidated. The impact of the reform on the juvenile justice and criminal justice systems is also described.

Law Enforcement Referral of At-Risk Youth: The SHIELD Program

This Bulletin describes how the SHIELD program mobilizes these assets to identify youth at risk of involvement in violent behavior, substance abuse, and gang activity and to address their needs through a multidisciplinary team approach involving representatives from the community, schools, and service agencies.

National Youth Court Center

2-page Fact Sheet, May 2000, posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). To create a central point of contact for youth court programs, OJJDP established NYCC in 1999 at the American Probation and Parole Association in Lexington, KY. The Center provides training, technical assistance, and resource materials to developing and established youth courts. This Fact Sheet describes NYCC and its services.

National Youth Gang Survey Trends From 1996 to 2000 (pdf)

2-page Fact Sheet from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. This Fact Sheet highlights findings from the five National Youth Gang Surveys conducted annually since 1996 by the National Youth Gang Center (NYGC), which is funded by OJJDP. The survey polls a nationally representative sample of more than 3,000 law enforcement agencies.

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Person Offense Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, provides statistics on person offense cases processed by juvenile courts in that year.

Police diversion of young offenders and Indigenous over-representation (pdf)

"Indigenous over-representation in the justice system is a challenge facing Australian society. This study focused on the extent of Indigenous over-representation, evidence of disparity in how Indigenous and non-Indigenous young people were processed and the impact of diversion on re-contact with the juvenile system."

Preventing and Responding to Teen Dating Violence

This special collection emphasizes collaborative and multilevel approaches to the prevention of, and response to, teen dating violence. It draws on the work of many organizations and organizes the resources on TDV prevention and responses by different populations.

Preventing violence and reducing its impact: How development agencies can help (pdf)

This document makes the case for increased attention on the impact of violence on development by international development agencies. A key aim is to stimulate dialogue on the role of international development agencies in the prevention of violence globally, and ultimately to increase investment in a commonly agreed set of applied violence prevention strategies. The primary audience for this document is policy-makers, high-level planners, and others in the international development field.

Redefining Justice: Addressing the Individual Needs of Victims and Witnesses (pdf)

A report exploring how frontline services meet the needs of victims and witnesses of crime. It is based on meetings with victims, witnesses and practitioners in various service organizations in England and Wales. Although the report is focused on improving the justice system in the UK, the recommendations in the report are applicable to the United States as well.

Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact: Preparation at the Local Level (pdf)

"Describes strategies that States and communities can use to reduce disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice system. This bulletin is a companion to the latest edition of OJJDP's Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual. It includes useful 'how to' information drawn from the manual and presents important background on the context in which local preparation takes place—media coverage and public attitudes about crime, race, and youth."

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

Second Chances: Giving Kids a Chance To Make a Better Choice (pdf)

28-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Drawing on a recently published book, "Second Chances 100 Years of the Children's Court: Giving Kids a Chance To Make a Better Choice," the Bulletin profiles successful "graduates" of the juvenile justice system.

Special Education and the Juvenile Justice System

16-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This bulletin is intended to inform judges, attorneys, advocates, probation officers, institutional staff, and other youth-serving professionals about the impact of special education issues on juvenile justice matters. The Bulletin summarizes the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and analyzes their relevance to the juvenile justice process from intake and initial interview to institutional placement and secure confinement.

The 8% Solution (pdf)

November 2001 Factsheet. The Orange County (CA) Probation Department found that a small percentage (8 percent) of juveniles arrested repeatedly accounted for most (55 percent) of the repeat cases. This 2-page Fact Sheet describes the California 8% Solution study, which assesses the needs of such youth, and the 8% Early Intervention Program, which provides them with treatment services.

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

THE EXPOSURE OF YOUTH TO UNWANTED SEXUAL MATERIAL ON THE INTERNET A National Survey of Risk, Impact, and Prevention (pdf)

"This national survey of youth, ages 10 to 17, and their caretakers has several implications for the current debate about young people and Internet pornography. Twenty five percent of youth had unwanted exposure to sexual pictures on the Internet in the past year, challenging the prevalent assumption that the problem is primarily about young people motivated to actively seek out pornography. Most youth had no negative reactions to their unwanted exposure, but one quarter said they were very or extremely upset, suggesting a priority need for more research on and interventions directed toward such negative effects. The authors urge that social scientific research be undertaken to inform this highly contentious public policy controversy."

The Facts about Teen Dating Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on teen dating violence. Information includes a working definition, exploration of different forms of teen dating violence and legal protections for victims of teen dating violence.

The Girls Study Group - Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls (pdf)

"The Girls Study Group, convened by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), conducted a study to determine the cause of delinquency and increased arrests among female adolescents, factors that influence delinquency, and effective programs in preventing girls’ delinquency."

Tool Kit for Creating Your Own Truancy Reduction Program (pdf)

"Provides an overview of truancy issues, its causes, and solutions to the problem. This tool kit outlines critical components of truancy programs such as family involvement, use of incentives and sanctions, developing a support network, and program evaluation. The tool kit examines the legal and economic implications of truancy and provides recommendations to courts, schools, State lawmakers, and researchers for addressing this issue."

Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities - The Different Story of Delinquent Youth as Told by the Media and by Juvenile Justice System Professionals and the Youth Themselves (pdf)

"This report examines the youth perspective on violence, life circumstance, and the response of the justice system to a supposed growth of violence among troubled youth. The report was also part of testimony before the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on February 11, 2009."

Anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender National Hate Crimes Report in 2005 (pdf)

Discusses hate crimes of violence towards the lesbian, gay, transgender, and bisexual communities.

Frequently Asked Questions on Safe School Policies for LGBT Students (pdf)

Fact sheet designed to address many of the frequently asked questions about how schools can best protect lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students from harassement and discrimination while at the same time protect themselves from potential liability.

Hate Violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in the United States (pdf)

This is a report about bias-motivated incidents targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-gender, queer, and questioning (LGBT) individuals in the U.S. during the year 2008. The report includes statistics on violence against LGBT people, stories from survivors, information on where to get help, safety tips, and information on hate crime laws.

Hatred in the Hallways: Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Students in U.S. Schools

Based on in-depth interviews with 140 youth and 130 teachers, administrators, counselors, parents, and youth service providers in seven states, this report offers the first comprehensive look at the human rights abuses suffered by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students at the hands of their peers. Teachers and administrators frequently turn their backs on these abuses, refusing to take reports of harassment or hold accountable those who commit these acts; in some instances, officials encourage or themselves participate in these abuses.

Low-Level Violence: A Neglected Aspect of School Culture

"A largely neglected aspect of school violence is low-level, underlying violence in schools that includes bullying, peer sexual harassment, victimization based on sexual orientation, and the psychological maltreatment of students by teachers. Low-level violence angers and alienates many students and contributes to a hostile school environment. This article examines the extent of low-level violence in U.S. public schools and its impact on students’ school performance. The authors argue that the one way of reducing low-level violence in schools is to create a more positive school culture and climate. Guidelines for preventing or minimizing low-level violence in schools are presented."

More Than A Name: State Sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa (pdf)

This report evaluates the effects of State-sponsored homophobia on the human rights of sexual and gender minorities in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

2010 Family Violence Legislative Update (pdf)

Every year, the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges Family Violence Department writes a legislative update. This document provides legislative trends and new domestic violence related legislation for most states. Only those states which did not have legislative sessions in 2010 have no new reports.

2010 State Law Report Cards on Teen Dating Violence

A 2010 State-by-State Teen Dating Violence Report Card from Break The Cycle. Includes recommendations for improving state laws and policies to better protect victims, changes in the laws that affect teens experiencing abuse, and a revised scoring system that better assesses the impact of state laws on teens seeking protection orders.

Addressing the Intersection: Preventing Violence and Promoting Healthy Eating and Active Living (pdf)

"This document provides an explanation of the inter-relationship between violence and healthy eating and activity. The findings and recommendations offered in this paper can support practitioners and advocates in their work to prevent chronic disease in communities heavily impacted by violence. "

Animal Abuse and Youth Violence

15-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. This Bulletin describes psychiatric, psychological, and criminal research linking animal abuse to violence perpetrated by juveniles and adults. Particular attention is focused on the prevalence of cruelty to animals by children and adolescents and to the role of animal abuse as a possible symptom of conduct disorder. In addition, the motivations and etiology underlying the maltreatment of animals are thoroughly reviewed. The Bulletin includes recommendations to curb such cruelty, while providing contact information for additional resources concerned with violence perpetrated against animals and people.

Barriers and Promising Approaches to Workforce and Youth Development for Young Offenders (pdf)

"This toolkit was created to address three objectives: identify barriers to success in juvenile justice -- both for the system and for the young people in it; survey innovative state and local policy initiatives; and showcase exemplary employment and development programs for court-involved youth."

Best Practices To Address Community Gang Problems: OJJDP's Comprehensive Gang Model (pdf)

"This report provides guidance for communities that are considering how best to address a youth gang problem that already exists or threatens to become a reality. The guidance is based on the implementation of the Comprehensive Gang Model (Model), which was developed by Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Report also describes the research that produced the Model, notes essential findings from evaluations of several programs demonstrating the Model in a variety of environments, and outlines 'best practices' obtained from practitioners with years of experience in planning, implementing, and overseeing variations of the Model in their communities."

Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on delinquency cases handled in U.S. juvenile courts between 1985 and 2005."

Delinquency Cases Waived to Criminal Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on petitioned delinquency cases waived to criminal court between 1985 and 2005."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

"A Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the Multi-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States. The scope of the Task Force's inquiry was to consider those technologies that industry and end users - including parents - can use to help keep minors safer on the Internet."

Evaluation for Improvement: A Seven-step Empowerment Evaluation Approach for Violence Prevention Organizations (pdf)

"This manual is designed to help violence prevention organizations hire an empowerment evaluator who will assist them in building their evaluation capacity through a learn-by-doing process of evaluating their own strategies. It is for state and local leaders and staff members of organizations, coalitions, government agencies, and/or partnerships working to prevent sexual violence, intimate partner violence, youth violence, suicide, and/or child maltreatment."

Grants 101

"A new Grants 101 resource from the Office of Justice Programs. This online guide provides: An overview of the OJP grant process for competitive and non-competitive programs; Tips on how to find funding opportunities and write strong applications; A description of the application review process and; Links to other resources, including the OJP Financial Guide and sample application materials."

Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming

This guide describes practical policy, program development processes, and promising program models aimed at preventing and treating female juvenile delinquency. Also includes a profile of female juvenile offenders, the problems they present, their needs, and ways to address them.

Hate Violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in the United States (pdf)

This is a report about bias-motivated incidents targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-gender, queer, and questioning (LGBT) individuals in the U.S. during the year 2008. The report includes statistics on violence against LGBT people, stories from survivors, information on where to get help, safety tips, and information on hate crime laws.

Helping Children Cope with the Stresses of War: A Manual for Parents and Teachers (pdf)

"A tool for parents and teachers in helping children cope with the stresses of war and other forms of systematic violence. This book provides illustrative drawings by children portraying experiences of stress. Guidelines on handling problematic behaviors with which children of various ages respond to stress are also provided."

Human Rights Watch World Report 2010 (pdf)

"This 20th annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. It reflects extensive investigative work undertaken in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff, usually in close partnership with human rights activists in the country in question."

Including Animal Cruelty as a Factor in Assessing Risk and Designing Interventions (pdf)

This paper assesses the feasibility and usefulness of including animal cruelty as a variable in future research and practices, as well as makes recommendations of how this can be accomplished. In addition, recommended policy changes are discussed, including the practice of maintaining statistics on juvenile animal cruelty and the current proposal before the Federal Bureau of Investigation to add animal cruelty as a separate category in the agency’s crime data collection system.

Juvenile Arrests 2007 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2007 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2007."

Juvenile Arrests 2008 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2008 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2008."

Juvenile Delinquency Probation Caseload, 2005 (pdf)

A fact sheet based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report. Presents statistics on delinquency cases resulting in probation in 2005.

Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2004: Selected Findings (pdf)

"A biannual census, developed to support the vital role of corrections in maintaining the safety of the community and providing essential services to confined youth. Facilities report on characteristics such as their size, structure, type, ownership, and security arrangements. Facilities also provide information on a range of services they provide to youth in their care. In addition, facilities report on the number of deaths of youth in custody during the prior 12 months."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency? (pdf)

"Provides an overview of research on the deterrent effects of transferring youth from juvenile to criminal courts, focusing on large-scale comprehensive OJJDP-funded studies on the effect of transfer laws on recidivism. The Bulletin reviews all of the extant research on the general and specific deterrent effects of transferring juveniles to adult criminal court."

Juveniles Who Commit Sex Offenses Against Minors (pdf)

"This bulletin presents population-based epidemiological information about the characteristics of juvenile offenders who commit sex offenses against minors. The authors analyzed data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and provided topical statistics highlighting the fact that juveniles account for more than one-third (35.6 percent) of this type of offender. Findings may support the development of research-based interventions and policies to reduce sexual assault and child molestation as perpetrated by juvenile offenders."

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Person Offense Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, provides statistics on person offense cases processed by juvenile courts in that year.

Redefining Justice: Addressing the Individual Needs of Victims and Witnesses (pdf)

A report exploring how frontline services meet the needs of victims and witnesses of crime. It is based on meetings with victims, witnesses and practitioners in various service organizations in England and Wales. Although the report is focused on improving the justice system in the UK, the recommendations in the report are applicable to the United States as well.

Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact: Preparation at the Local Level (pdf)

"Describes strategies that States and communities can use to reduce disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice system. This bulletin is a companion to the latest edition of OJJDP's Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual. It includes useful 'how to' information drawn from the manual and presents important background on the context in which local preparation takes place—media coverage and public attitudes about crime, race, and youth."

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09 (pdf)

"The report provides national-level and facility-level estimates of sexual victimization by type of activity, including youth-on-youth sexual contact, staff sexual misconduct, and level of coercion. It also includes an analysis of the experience of sexual victimization, characteristics of youth most at risk to victimization, where the incidents occur, time of day, characteristics of perpetrators, and nature of the injuries."

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Technology and Youth: Protecting your Child from Electronic Aggression Tip Sheet (pdf)

"This tipsheet provides an overview of electronic aggression, any type of harassment or bullying that occurs through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website (including blogs), or text messaging. It provides parents and caregivers with strategies for protecting children from this type of violence. "

Teenagers in the United States:Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing, National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2008 (pdf)

"This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females 15-19 years of age in the United States in 2006-2008 from the National Survey of Family Growth."

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence (pdf)

This document examines the economic effects of interpersonal violence, including sexual violence, as well as the economic effects of interventions seeking to reduce violence and the ways in which economic factors such as poverty and income inequality contribute to violence.

The Facts On Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

A fact sheet created by FVPF on the prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence.

The Unclaimed Children Revisited, California Case Study (pdf)

"The purpose of the California Case Study is to identify, document, and analyze effective fiscal, infrastructural, and related policies that support research-informed practices for mental health services to children and adolescents in California."

Tool Kit for Creating Your Own Truancy Reduction Program (pdf)

"Provides an overview of truancy issues, its causes, and solutions to the problem. This tool kit outlines critical components of truancy programs such as family involvement, use of incentives and sanctions, developing a support network, and program evaluation. The tool kit examines the legal and economic implications of truancy and provides recommendations to courts, schools, State lawmakers, and researchers for addressing this issue."

U.N. Report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (pdf)

"This report provides a global picture of violence against children and proposes recommendations to prevent and respond to this issue. It provides information on the incidence of various types of violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. "

UNITY RoadMap: A Framework for Effectiveness and Sustainability

"The UNITY RoadMap is a resource for cities to prevent violence before it occurs by mapping out solutions to effectively and sustainably prevent violence. The UNITY RoadMap helps cities understand the current status of their efforts, describes the core elements necessary to prevent violence before it occurs, and provides information, resources, and examples to support cities in planning, implementation, and evaluation."

Violence by Teenage Girls: Trends and Context (pdf)

"This OJJDP Bulletin assesses trends of juvenile arrest rates for violent crimes, focusing on simple and aggravated assault. Part of the Girls Study Group series, this bulletin examines the involvement of girls in violent activity (including whether such activity has increased relative to the increase for boys) and the contexts in which girls engage in violent behavior. "

Violence in the Lives of Children (pdf)

"This data brief from Child Trends reviews data on the types of violence experienced by U.S. children, including exposure to violence through media to abuse by parents and peers. Differences by age, gender, and race/ethnicity are discussed along with priorities for filling gaps in the data that is available on this topic."

Visibility Through Data: Health Information for Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Communities (pdf)

"This report summarizes information for providers working toward improving the health and well-being of urban American Indian and Alaska Native communities and is a resource that highlights specific health issues facing this population. "

Women and Health: Today’s Evidence, Tomorrow’s Agenda (pdf)

"This report reviews evidence on the health issues that particularly affect girls and women throughout their life course. This report uses currently available data to draw attention to the consequences and costs of failing to address health issues at appropriate points in their lives."

World Report on Violence against Children

"This book addresses all violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. It lists the relevant international and national legal instruments and standards. It also describes the nature and impact of all forms of violence, indicating possible risk and causal factors. Finally, and most important, based on existing evidence and concrete examples, it provides detailed recommendation on measures to be taken to enhance the protection of children from violence."

Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities - The Different Story of Delinquent Youth as Told by the Media and by Juvenile Justice System Professionals and the Youth Themselves (pdf)

"This report examines the youth perspective on violence, life circumstance, and the response of the justice system to a supposed growth of violence among troubled youth. The report was also part of testimony before the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on February 11, 2009."

Characteristics of Juvenile Suicide in Confinement (pdf)

"This bulletin provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. This OJJDP Bulletin provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Corporal punishment as a Stressor Among Youth (pdf)

"This article addresses the impact of corporal punishment by parents on the psychological well being of youth. Based on the authors' findings, the research indicates a positive association between the frequency of corporal punishment and both psychological distress and depression."

Helping Children Cope with the Stresses of War: A Manual for Parents and Teachers (pdf)

"A tool for parents and teachers in helping children cope with the stresses of war and other forms of systematic violence. This book provides illustrative drawings by children portraying experiences of stress. Guidelines on handling problematic behaviors with which children of various ages respond to stress are also provided."

Helping Traumatized Children at School

A paper that discusses school interventions for traumatized children. It provides some of the guidelines and resources for use when youth's traumas affect their ability to function at school.

Helping Traumatized Children: Tips for Judges (pdf)

"This fact sheet for judges and other court personnel outlines the impact of trauma on children's development, beliefs, and behaviors. It is designed to help professionals in the juvenile justice and family court system become more effective in addressing the unique needs and challenges of the traumatized children and adolescents they work with."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Plain Talk about Spanking

A resource on the impacts of spanking on children's growth and development.

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

Psychological Abuse: A Discussion Paper (pdf)

"This paper is a review of research on psychological abuse in interpersonal and family relationships including in settings such as long-term care residences.The paper presents research findings on the personal, economic and health related costs of psychological abuse to the individual and to society, and briefly outlines legal recourses for victims. It concludes by exploring ways to recognize and address psychological abuse, while emphasizing the importance of developing holistic approaches "

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

The Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders in Children and Youth (pdf)

"This publication reviews general population studies, disaster research, child maltreatment studies, and special population studies that report the prevalence of PTSD in children, adolescents, and young adults. It includes a brief discussion of the cumulative adverse effects of traumatic stress experienced from infancy through adolescence."

The Unclaimed Children Revisited, California Case Study (pdf)

"The purpose of the California Case Study is to identify, document, and analyze effective fiscal, infrastructural, and related policies that support research-informed practices for mental health services to children and adolescents in California."

Trauma among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"This review suggests that trauma-sensitive and gender-specific programming and treatment models are needed in order to address needs and prevent re-traumatization of girls in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the treatment models should provide girls with developmentally reparative experiences that address not only PTSD but also issues of identity, trust, safety, body image, physical self care, affect regulation, peer group selection and engagement, and sexuality."

Trauma in the Lives of Gang-Involved Youth: Tips for Volunteers and Community Organizations (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains why trauma is so prevalent among gang-involved youth, and provides tips for community organizations and volunteers on working with this population."

Trauma-Focused Interventions for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"Numerous studies document that many of the youth in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to myriad traumatic events, either as victims or as witnesses. Because of this exposure, many of these youths have developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related disorders. This document reviews trauma-focused, family-based, and group-based interventions that show promise for use with youth in the juvenile justice system."

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Your Child and Gangs: What You Need to Know about Trauma - Tips for Parents (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains the appeal of gang involvement for traumatized youth, and offers information for parents on helping their children cope with the aftermath of trauma."

A Judicial Checklist for Children and Youth Exposed to Violence (Actual Checklist for Consideration) (pdf)

A detailed checklist outlining information for judges to consider when working with cases where children or youth have been exposed to violence. A technical assistance brief detailing educational information and knowledge that is important for judges to be familiar with, can be found under the additional title.

Adolescent Femal Aggression: Proposal for a Research Agenda

Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Canadian Psychological Association, June 29 to July 1, 2000, Ottawa.

An Update on the Cycle of Violence (pdf)

This document presents updated results of a longitudinal study that compared the arrest records of abused and/or neglected children with arrest records for children who were not abused or maltreated.

Characteristics of Crimes Against Juveniles

12-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin reviews data from the 1997 NIBRS data file that pertain to juvenile victims.

Children as Victims

May 2000. This 23-page Bulletin was derived from "Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report." It is one of a series of Bulletins designed to give readers quick access to some of the most critical data from the wealth of data in the 222-page Report, which was compiled for OJJDP by the National Center for Juvenile Justice. This Bulletin documents the impact of crime on society's most vulnerable victims--children.

Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview

The article examines the prevalence and domestic violence as a cause of traumatic stress in children.

Grants 101

"A new Grants 101 resource from the Office of Justice Programs. This online guide provides: An overview of the OJP grant process for competitive and non-competitive programs; Tips on how to find funding opportunities and write strong applications; A description of the application review process and; Links to other resources, including the OJP Financial Guide and sample application materials."

Homicides of Children and Youth

October 2001 Bulletin report. Provides a statistical portrait of juvenile homicide victimization by drawing on FBI and other data. As part of OJJDP's Crimes Against Children Series, the Bulletin offers detailed information about overall crime patterns and victim age groups. Specific types of juvenile homicide, including maltreatment homicides, abduction homicides, and school homicides, are discussed in further detail. The Bulletin also explores initiatives designed to prevent homicides of children and youth.

Juvenile Arrests 2008 (pdf)

This report summarizes juvenile crime data from the FBI report Crime in the United States 2008. The information provided can serve as a benchmark for juvenile justice professionals and other concerned citizens seeking to assess America’s progress in reducing juvenile delinquency.

Juvenile Delinquency and Serious Injury Victimization

7-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin draws on data from two OJJDP longitudinal studies on the causes and correlates of delinquency, the Denver Youth Survey and the Pittsburgh Youth Study, to enhance our appreciation of the interrelationship between delinquency and victimization.

Juvenile Sex Offender Research Bibliography: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Scholarly Research and Literature Relating to Juvenile Sex Offenders

This is a compilation of literature on male and female juvenile sex offenders and resources on general child development.

Kidnaping of Juveniles: Patterns From NIBRS (pdf)

8-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin describes the offense of kidnapping of juveniles using 1997 NIBRS data. Among other significant findings, the analysis reveals that such abductions are relatively uncommon; that there are three distinct kinds of perpetrators; and that the rate of juvenile kidnapping peaks in the afternoon.

Mothers and Children: Understanding the Links Between Woman Battering and Child Abuse

This is a briefing paper for a strategic planning meeting on the Violence Against Women Act. "This paper focuses on an important gap in our current understandings of family violence: the link between woman battering and child abuse. It is surprising that after so many years of public attention it is only in recent years that a discussion of this link has begun to appear in the literature. At present, there is much more we need to know about the overlap between woman and child abuse."

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

Understanding Youth Violence Factsheet (pdf)

This fact sheet is a quick look at statistics and issue areas concerning youth violence in the United States. Headings include, "Why is youth violence a public health problem", and "Who is at risk for youth violence".

A Parents' Guide to Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats (pdf)

This document provides insight and guidelines for cyber concerns to prevent your child from being victimized by or engaging in harmful behavior online. It also provides guidance on intervention actions.

Corporal punishment as a Stressor Among Youth (pdf)

"This article addresses the impact of corporal punishment by parents on the psychological well being of youth. Based on the authors' findings, the research indicates a positive association between the frequency of corporal punishment and both psychological distress and depression."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

"A Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the Multi-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States. The scope of the Task Force's inquiry was to consider those technologies that industry and end users - including parents - can use to help keep minors safer on the Internet."

Helping Children Cope with the Stresses of War: A Manual for Parents and Teachers (pdf)

"A tool for parents and teachers in helping children cope with the stresses of war and other forms of systematic violence. This book provides illustrative drawings by children portraying experiences of stress. Guidelines on handling problematic behaviors with which children of various ages respond to stress are also provided."

Plain Talk about Spanking

A resource on the impacts of spanking on children's growth and development.

Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach

"This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits."

Technology and Youth: Protecting your Child from Electronic Aggression Tip Sheet (pdf)

"This tipsheet provides an overview of electronic aggression, any type of harassment or bullying that occurs through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website (including blogs), or text messaging. It provides parents and caregivers with strategies for protecting children from this type of violence. "

The Girls Study Group - Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls (pdf)

"The Girls Study Group, convened by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), conducted a study to determine the cause of delinquency and increased arrests among female adolescents, factors that influence delinquency, and effective programs in preventing girls’ delinquency."

Understanding School Violence Fact Sheet 2008 (pdf)

An updated fact sheet compiled by the CDC explaining what school violence is, risk factors, health effects, prevention strategies, and much more.

Your Child and Gangs: What You Need to Know about Trauma - Tips for Parents (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains the appeal of gang involvement for traumatized youth, and offers information for parents on helping their children cope with the aftermath of trauma."

Youth Violence: Fact Sheet

A fact sheet on youth violence compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detailing risk factors, consequences, occurrence, and much more.

Human Rights Watch World Report 2010 (pdf)

"This 20th annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. It reflects extensive investigative work undertaken in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff, usually in close partnership with human rights activists in the country in question."

Police diversion of young offenders and Indigenous over-representation (pdf)

"Indigenous over-representation in the justice system is a challenge facing Australian society. This study focused on the extent of Indigenous over-representation, evidence of disparity in how Indigenous and non-Indigenous young people were processed and the impact of diversion on re-contact with the juvenile system."

A Guide to Addressing Teen Dating Violence and Sexual Assault in a School Setting (pdf)

"This guide details schools' responsibility to take a leadership role to prevent and respond to teen dating and sexual violence in schools and in the community. While the information is specific to California, much can be applied nationally."

Addressing the Intersection: Preventing Violence and Promoting Healthy Eating and Active Living (pdf)

"This document provides an explanation of the inter-relationship between violence and healthy eating and activity. The findings and recommendations offered in this paper can support practitioners and advocates in their work to prevent chronic disease in communities heavily impacted by violence. "

Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying (pdf)

2-page Fact Sheet posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Fact Sheet describes bullying and its effects and provides information about the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, which is designed to reduce bullying among elementary, middle, and junior high school children.

An Evaluation of Safe Dates, an Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention Program (pdf)

This paper presents the results of a program focused on preventing violence among teenage dating partners. Decreased violence was perpetrated against a dating partner for those who participated in the program compared to a control group.

Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth

"This report describes findings and analysis regarding the cost-effectiveness of research-based prevention and early intervention programs for youth with a demonstrated ability to achieve 7 outcomes including reduction in child abuse and domestic violence."

Blueprints for Violence Prevention (pdf)

This report by the OJJDP describes 11 model programs and 21 promising programs that demonstrated evidence of effectiveness in delinquency, violence, and substance abuse prevention and reduction. The report describes the Blueprints programs, presents lessons learned about program implementation and provides recommendations for program designers, funders, and implementing agencies and organizations.

Creating Safe Environments: Violence Prevention Strategies and Programs

This document addresses the increased need for specific primary prevention programs of various types of violence. Gang-violence, Sexual Violence, Adolescent and Adult Intimate Partner Violence, as well as others are addressed. Specific examples of promising programs and practices currently in existence throughout the United States are detailed.

Detecting the Potential for Violence

Checklist for Detecting the Potential for Violence is also available.

Development and Evaluation of School-Based Violence Prevention Programs (pdf)

This article reviews practical issues in the development of school-based violence prevention programs.

Disproportionate Minority Contact (pdf)

"This publication provides an overview of OJJDP’s efforts to reduce disproportionate minority contact (DMC). Includes a description of OJJDP’s DMC Reduction Model which helps states determine whether disproportionality exists and, if it does, guides the establishment of multipronged intervention strategies to ensure equal treatment of all youth. The fact sheet also includes a summary of states’ DMC-reduction activities derived from compliance plans submitted in fiscal year 2008."

Diverting Children from a Life of Crime

Diverting Children from a Life of Crime: Measuring Costs and Benefits is a study from Rand, a public policy organization. The report looks at several prevention strategies to reduce youth involvement in the juvenile justice system. A few of the approaches studied are also utilized as child abuse prevention efforts.

Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Youth Violence: Strategies for Prevention and Early Intervention

Another Family Violence Prevention Fund publication that argues for a collaborative, community-based approach to combatting child abuse, domestic violence and youth violence.

Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature (pdf)

This literature review of sexual abuse and sexual misconduct responds to the mandate in Section 5414 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), as amended, to conduct a study of sexual abuse in U.S. schools. To satisfy this mandate, the Department of Education contracted with Dr. Charol Shakeshaft of Hofstra University. Using the limited research that is available in this area, her literature review describes, among other topics: prevalence of educator sexual misconduct, offender characteristics, targets of educator sexual misconduct, and recommendations for prevention of educator sexual misconduct.

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem (pdf)

"Attention is growing about the risk of adolescents to become victims of aggression perpetrated by peers with new technology. In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of experts in technology and youth aggression to examine this specific risk. This article presents the data and recommendations for future directions discussed at the meeting. The data supports the argument that electronic aggression is an emerging public health problem in need of additional research to support the development and evaluation of effective prevention programs."

Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

"A Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the Multi-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States. The scope of the Task Force's inquiry was to consider those technologies that industry and end users - including parents - can use to help keep minors safer on the Internet."

Evaluating G.R.E.A.T : A School-Based Gang Prevention Program (pdf)

Typical programs are directed at active gang members, and most target youths who are at risk for joining gangs. The G.R.E.A.T. program, in contrast, is presented to entire classrooms without attempting to predict which students are most likely to become involved with a gang. G.R.E.A.T. is aimed at middle school students and seeks to (1) reduce their involvement in gangs and delinquent behavior, (2) teach them consequences of gang involvement, and (3) help them develop positive relations with law enforcement. These three objectives are addressed through a nine hour curriculum taught in schools by uniformed law enforcement officers. Students are taught to set positive goals, resist negative pressures, resolve conflicts, and understand how gangs impact the quality of their lives. This report summarizes results of a five year study of the G.R.E.A.T. program. The study revealed that G.R.E.A.T. has modest positive effects on adolescents' attitudes and delinquency risk factors but no effects on their involvement in gangs and actual delinquent behaviors.

Evaluation for Improvement: A Seven-step Empowerment Evaluation Approach for Violence Prevention Organizations (pdf)

"This manual is designed to help violence prevention organizations hire an empowerment evaluator who will assist them in building their evaluation capacity through a learn-by-doing process of evaluating their own strategies. It is for state and local leaders and staff members of organizations, coalitions, government agencies, and/or partnerships working to prevent sexual violence, intimate partner violence, youth violence, suicide, and/or child maltreatment."

From the Courthouse to the Schoolhouse: Making a Successful Transition

A 16-page bulletin from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin describes effective approaches to reintegrating youth from juvenile justice system settings into the education mainstream and provides information about promising programs, practices, and resources.

Guide for Preventing and Responding to School Violence (pdf)

Outlines strategies and approaches for members of school communities to consider when creating safer learning environments. Offers guidance for school violence prevention and response in the following areas: prevention, threat assessment, planning and preparation, during a crisis, after a crisis, legal considerations, and working with the media. A list of Web sites pertaining to school safety and violence reduction is included.

Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming

This guide describes practical policy, program development processes, and promising program models aimed at preventing and treating female juvenile delinquency. Also includes a profile of female juvenile offenders, the problems they present, their needs, and ways to address them.

Healing the Hate: A National Hate Crime Prevention Curriculum (pdf)

Originally designed to be used in classroom settings, these materials have also proven useful in a variety of other venues: working with youth who commit hate crimes, working with schools experiencing specific bias crime problems, in after-school programs, and in teacher training settings.

Homicides of Children and Youth

October 2001 Bulletin report. Provides a statistical portrait of juvenile homicide victimization by drawing on FBI and other data. As part of OJJDP's Crimes Against Children Series, the Bulletin offers detailed information about overall crime patterns and victim age groups. Specific types of juvenile homicide, including maltreatment homicides, abduction homicides, and school homicides, are discussed in further detail. The Bulletin also explores initiatives designed to prevent homicides of children and youth.

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency? (pdf)

"Provides an overview of research on the deterrent effects of transferring youth from juvenile to criminal courts, focusing on large-scale comprehensive OJJDP-funded studies on the effect of transfer laws on recidivism. The Bulletin reviews all of the extant research on the general and specific deterrent effects of transferring juveniles to adult criminal court."

Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools, 2nd Edition

"This compendium provides researchers and prevention specialists with a set of tools to assess violence-related beliefs, behaviors, and influences, as well as to evaluate programs to prevent youth violence. If you are new to the field of youth violence prevention and unfamiliar with available measures, you may find this compendium to be particularly useful."

Moving From Them to Us: Challenges in Reframing Violence Among Youth (pdf)

"This paper explores how youth and violence have been framed in the media, how the issue of race complicates depictions of youth and violence, and how public attitudes about government can inhibit public support for strategies to effectively prevent violence. This paper makes recommendations for the next steps in re-framing violence among youth."

Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences and Direction for Intervention and Prevention (pdf)

Note: This document may take a few moments to load completely. This joint report by the National Center and the National Council on Crime and Delinquency analyzes existing, but largely unnoticed, research and data on the crime experiences of teenagers, ages 12 to 19, who make up 14 percent of the general population, but represent 25 percent of victims of violent crime. The report also outlines promising prevention and intervention strategies.

Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences, and Directions for Prevention and Intervention

The report provides a review of existing research on teen victimization and its impact on youth in America as well as information on promising prevention and intervention techniques.

Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement

12-page Bulletin is posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention . This Bulletin examines the youth gang problem in the larger context of juvenile violence. While there are no simple solutions to ending the youth gang problem, the Bulletin provides the reader with information to better understand its complexity, while dispelling common gang stereotypes. The Bulletin offers a solid foundation on which to build a comprehensive strategy to prevent youth gang involvement.

Preventing and Responding to Teen Dating Violence

This special collection emphasizes collaborative and multilevel approaches to the prevention of, and response to, teen dating violence. It draws on the work of many organizations and organizes the resources on TDV prevention and responses by different populations.

Preventing Delinquency Through Improved Child Protection Services (pdf)

2001 Bulletin examines a potentially powerful, yet often overlooked, delinquency prevention strategy: efforts to reduce the incidence of childhood maltreatment.

Preventing Student Sexual Harassment

December 2000 report posted on the Eric Clearinghouse on Urban Education.

Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach

"This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits."

Preventing violence before it occurs: Directions for improving outcomes for young people, our cities, and our economic recovery and growth (pdf)

A Prevention Institute memo highlighting opportunities for improving safety and well-being in our nation’s urban areas while saving money and stimulating the economy.

Preventing Violence by Elementary School Children

November 1999 report posted on the Eric Clearinghouse on Urban Education.

Preventing Violence in Our Schools

Resource that gives advice and resources to parents and educators on preventing youth violence.

Preventing Youth Hate Crimes: A Manual for Schools and Communities, 1998

Promotes the discussion, planning, immediate action, and long-term responses of hate crime to assist schools and communities in confronting and eliminating harassment, intimidation, violence, and other hate-motivated behavior among young people.

Preventing Youth Violence in Schools: An Essay Collection (pdf)

A collection of articles edited by Wendy Schwartz. Included in the collection is the article "Gang Activity at School: Prevention Strategies" by Shirley Lal.

Prevention of Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending (pdf)

Prevention of Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending is a 15-page Bulletin by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This Bulletin describes some of the developmental precursors to such offending and offers effective approaches to its prevention that are family, parent, and child focused. Examples of well-designed intervention programs are also provided.

Promoting gender equality to prevent violence against women (pdf)

"The World Health Organization has released a briefing highlighting the importance of the role gender plays in interpersonal violent situations, community- and school-based initiatives to empower women, the role of the media in altering gender norms, and the importance of engaging with men to combat violence against women. The briefing is one of an eight-part series on how to prevent interpersonal and self-directed violence."

Public Health Policy for Preventing Violence (pdf)

"In this paper we discuss the new vision for violence prevention embodied in the public health approach."

Race, Ethnicity, and Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending

June 2000. Discusses racial and ethnic differences in the rates of serious and violent offending among juveniles. Discribes various data sources and notes their relative strengths and weaknesses for purposes of identifying racial and ethnic patterns. Summarizes statistics on national trends in juvenile offending by race and ethnicity, discusses research findings on racial and ethnic differences among chronic offenders, and offers various explanations of the patterns observed. It also presents recommendations for understanding these patterns and discusses implications for prevention and intervention efforts.

Resolving conflict creatively: Evaluating the developmental effects of a school-based violence prevention program in neighborhood and classroom context

"This study evaluated the short-term impact of a school-based violence prevention initiative on developmental processes thought to place children at risk for future aggression and violence and examined the influence of classrooms and neighborhood contexts on the effectiveness of the violence prevention initiative."

Safe Harbor: A School-Based Victim Assistance/Violence Prevention Program

The Safe Harbor program addresses violence prevention and victim assistance in school-based settings.

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

School Violence Prevention: Strategies to Keep Schools Safe

Policy Study No. 234, January 1998. Posted by the Reason Foundation. Discusses the many faces of violence and the different methods of violence prevention.

School Violence: Prevalence, Fears, and Prevention

2001 paper. Describes the options that are currently available for schools. An analysis of the key components of various approaches in terms of their potential positive and negative effects can assist in the selection of policies, programs, and procedures while we wait for evaluations to be conducted.

Second Chances: Giving Kids a Chance To Make a Better Choice (pdf)

28-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Drawing on a recently published book, "Second Chances 100 Years of the Children's Court: Giving Kids a Chance To Make a Better Choice," the Bulletin profiles successful "graduates" of the juvenile justice system.

Social and Economic Costs of Violence: Workshop Summary

This document is the summary of a workshop held by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Global Violence Prevention on the social and economic costs of violence. The workshop was designed to examine violence prevention approaches from multiple perspectives and at multiple levels of society. In particular, the workshop was focused on exploring the successes and challenges in presented interventions. Speakers were invited to share the progress and outcomes of their work and to engage in dialogue exploring gaps and opportunities in the field.

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Technology and Youth: Protecting your Child from Electronic Aggression Tip Sheet (pdf)

"This tipsheet provides an overview of electronic aggression, any type of harassment or bullying that occurs through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website (including blogs), or text messaging. It provides parents and caregivers with strategies for protecting children from this type of violence. "

Teen Dating Violence: A Review of Risk Factors and Prevention Efforts (pdf)

This article provides a critical review of the dating violence literature with respect to potential risk factors for both perpetrators and victims and examines the empirical research regarding the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs targeting teen dating violence. The document also provides recommendations for future research and potential policy implications.

Teen Dating Violence: Information and Resources (pdf)

This is an information packet developed by the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence (NRCDV) as an introduction to the dynamics, prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence. The packet explores issues specific to teen dating violence, examines current provision of support services for teens and presents information about a variety of promising prevention /intervention strategies. The intent of packet contents is to examine some of the key dating violence issues currently facing teens and their advocates.

The Comprehensive Strategy: Lessons Learned From the Pilot Sites

This is a 12-page Bulletin from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Derived from extensive research, the OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy was developed to assist States and local communities in preventing at-risk youth from becoming serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders and in crafting an appropriate response to those who do. This Bulletin offers an overview of the Comprehensive Strategy, describes its implementation in the three pilot sites, and discusses the lessons learned in that process.

The Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Programs for the Prevention of Violent and Aggressive Behavior (pdf)

"This report provides a summary of findings from a review of evidence concerning the effectiveness of universal school-based violence prevention programs."

The Girls Study Group - Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls (pdf)

"The Girls Study Group, convened by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), conducted a study to determine the cause of delinquency and increased arrests among female adolescents, factors that influence delinquency, and effective programs in preventing girls’ delinquency."

Third Milestones of a Global Campaign for Violence Prevention Report 2007: Scaling Up

"Reviews progress that has been made in violence prevention since October 2002 and sets out what the World Health Organization and its partners can do over the next 5 years to expand programming and to demonstrate the impact of violence prevention."

Trust Betrayed

This booklet, designed by the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, helps young adults understand the dynamics of healthy relationships; the signs of controlling relationships; the strategies for dealing with dating violence; and the resources available to end the cycle of violence.

U.N. Report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (pdf)

"This report provides a global picture of violence against children and proposes recommendations to prevent and respond to this issue. It provides information on the incidence of various types of violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. "

Understanding Evidence Part 1: Best Available Research Evidence. A Guide to the Continuum of Evidence of Effectiveness. (pdf)

Increasing emphasis has been placed on the importance of evidence-informed prevention strategies and evidence-based decision making. In this guidance document, the authors aim to explain the purpose and meaning of the Continuum of Evidence of Effectiveness, a tool that was developed to facilitate a common understanding of what the Best Available Research Evidence means in the field of violence prevention. This Continuum also serves to provide common language for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in discussing evidence-based decision making.

Understanding School Violence Fact Sheet 2008 (pdf)

An updated fact sheet compiled by the CDC explaining what school violence is, risk factors, health effects, prevention strategies, and much more.

Understanding Youth Violence Factsheet (pdf)

This fact sheet is a quick look at statistics and issue areas concerning youth violence in the United States. Headings include, "Why is youth violence a public health problem", and "Who is at risk for youth violence".

UNITY RoadMap: A Framework for Effectiveness and Sustainability

"The UNITY RoadMap is a resource for cities to prevent violence before it occurs by mapping out solutions to effectively and sustainably prevent violence. The UNITY RoadMap helps cities understand the current status of their efforts, describes the core elements necessary to prevent violence before it occurs, and provides information, resources, and examples to support cities in planning, implementation, and evaluation."

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Working with Children Towards a Healthy & Non-Violent Future

"This Special Collection provides a unique perspective on working with children (younger than 13 years of age), focusing on theories and strategies for raising respectful, non-violent people. Resources included here discuss child development and how to utilize this knowledge when implementing primary prevention strategies that foster healthy attitudes and behaviors"

Working with Young Men Who Batter: Current Strategies and New Directions

This article offers an overview of the recent juvenile batterer intervention programs. It identifies risk factors for teen dating violence perpetration as described by the literature and considers the utility of these findings, describes efforts to prevent re-offenses by juvenile perpetrators of domestic violence, discusses several shortcomings inherent in post-crisis intervention, and outlines current challenges within the field.

World Report on Violence against Children

"This book addresses all violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. It lists the relevant international and national legal instruments and standards. It also describes the nature and impact of all forms of violence, indicating possible risk and causal factors. Finally, and most important, based on existing evidence and concrete examples, it provides detailed recommendation on measures to be taken to enhance the protection of children from violence."

Younger Women at Great Risk of Intimate Partner Violence

Summary of the new report, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim, released by the U.S. Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS).

Youth Activism: Engaging Teens in the Sexual Violence Prevention Movement (pdf)

"This bulletin discusses how to engage youth as valued partners in sexual violence prevention work."

Youth Violence Factsheets

The Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence has published over 50 factsheets related to youth violence and aggression.

Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on delinquency cases handled in U.S. juvenile courts between 1985 and 2005."

Juvenile Delinquency Probation Caseload, 2005 (pdf)

A fact sheet based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report. Presents statistics on delinquency cases resulting in probation in 2005.

Best Practices To Address Community Gang Problems: OJJDP's Comprehensive Gang Model (pdf)

"This report provides guidance for communities that are considering how best to address a youth gang problem that already exists or threatens to become a reality. The guidance is based on the implementation of the Comprehensive Gang Model (Model), which was developed by Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Report also describes the research that produced the Model, notes essential findings from evaluations of several programs demonstrating the Model in a variety of environments, and outlines 'best practices' obtained from practitioners with years of experience in planning, implementing, and overseeing variations of the Model in their communities."

Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming

This guide describes practical policy, program development processes, and promising program models aimed at preventing and treating female juvenile delinquency. Also includes a profile of female juvenile offenders, the problems they present, their needs, and ways to address them.

Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools - Second Edition

This compendium provides a set of tools to assess violence-related beliefs, behaviors, and influences, as well as to evaluate programs to prevent youth violence. More than 170 measures are included. Some examples of measures include: "Violent Intentions—Teen Conflict Survey", "Aggressive Behavior—SAGE Baseline Survey", and "Drug and Alcohol Use—Youth Risk Behavior Survey"

Tool Kit for Creating Your Own Truancy Reduction Program (pdf)

"Provides an overview of truancy issues, its causes, and solutions to the problem. This tool kit outlines critical components of truancy programs such as family involvement, use of incentives and sanctions, developing a support network, and program evaluation. The tool kit examines the legal and economic implications of truancy and provides recommendations to courts, schools, State lawmakers, and researchers for addressing this issue."

A Development Approach to Working with Teen Victims (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the need for service providers to understand adolescent development in order to effectively provide interventions for teen victims of abuse.

Addressing the Intersection: Preventing Violence and Promoting Healthy Eating and Active Living (pdf)

"This document provides an explanation of the inter-relationship between violence and healthy eating and activity. The findings and recommendations offered in this paper can support practitioners and advocates in their work to prevent chronic disease in communities heavily impacted by violence. "

Barriers and Promising Approaches to Workforce and Youth Development for Young Offenders (pdf)

"This toolkit was created to address three objectives: identify barriers to success in juvenile justice -- both for the system and for the young people in it; survey innovative state and local policy initiatives; and showcase exemplary employment and development programs for court-involved youth."

Best Practices To Address Community Gang Problems: OJJDP's Comprehensive Gang Model (pdf)

"This report provides guidance for communities that are considering how best to address a youth gang problem that already exists or threatens to become a reality. The guidance is based on the implementation of the Comprehensive Gang Model (Model), which was developed by Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Report also describes the research that produced the Model, notes essential findings from evaluations of several programs demonstrating the Model in a variety of environments, and outlines 'best practices' obtained from practitioners with years of experience in planning, implementing, and overseeing variations of the Model in their communities."

Characteristics of Juvenile Suicide in Confinement (pdf)

"This bulletin provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. This OJJDP Bulletin provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Children’s Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey (pdf)

"This Bulletin discusses the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence that measured the past-year and lifetime exposure to violence for children age 17 and younger across several major categories: conventional crime, child maltreatment, victimization by peers and siblings, sexual victimization, witnessing and indirect victimization (including exposure to community violence and family violence), school violence and threats, and Internet victimization."

Co-occurrence of Victimization from Five Subtypes of Bullying: Physical, Verbal, Social Exclusion, Spreading Rumors, and Cyber (pdf)

This article examines the co-occurrence of five subtypes of peer victimization and the effects of increased co-occurrences of victimization types on physical and psychological health.

Crimes Against People with Disabilities, 2007 (pdf)

"Using 2007 National Crime Victimization Survey data, the study found that persons with disabilities were victims of about 47,000 rapes. Rates of rape and sexual assault were more than twice those for people without disabilities. In addition, youth with a disability ages 12 to 19 experienced violence at nearly twice the rate as those without a disability."

Delinquency Cases Waived to Criminal Court, 2005 (pdf)

"This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, presents statistics on petitioned delinquency cases waived to criminal court between 1985 and 2005."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Domestic Violence and Birth Control Sabotage: A Report from the Teen Parent Project

This study explores to what extent pregnancy among low income teens was due to coerced and unprotected sexual relations, sabotage of birth control arrangements and the general pressure to choose between having children and the continuation of the relationship

Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students (pdf)

"This study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students. The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. As children’s use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem (pdf)

"Attention is growing about the risk of adolescents to become victims of aggression perpetrated by peers with new technology. In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of experts in technology and youth aggression to examine this specific risk. This article presents the data and recommendations for future directions discussed at the meeting. The data supports the argument that electronic aggression is an emerging public health problem in need of additional research to support the development and evaluation of effective prevention programs."

Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

"A Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the Multi-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States. The scope of the Task Force's inquiry was to consider those technologies that industry and end users - including parents - can use to help keep minors safer on the Internet."

Hate Violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in the United States (pdf)

This is a report about bias-motivated incidents targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-gender, queer, and questioning (LGBT) individuals in the U.S. during the year 2008. The report includes statistics on violence against LGBT people, stories from survivors, information on where to get help, safety tips, and information on hate crime laws.

Helping Traumatized Children at School

A paper that discusses school interventions for traumatized children. It provides some of the guidelines and resources for use when youth's traumas affect their ability to function at school.

Homeless Youth and Sexual Exploitation: Research Findings and Practice Implications

"This issue brief reviews research regarding the involvement of unaccompanied, homeless youth in various types of sexual exploitation including survival sex and recruitment into the commercial sex industry and recommends a series of programmatic responses to meet their needs."

Human Rights Watch World Report 2010 (pdf)

"This 20th annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. It reflects extensive investigative work undertaken in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff, usually in close partnership with human rights activists in the country in question."

It All Starts At Home: Male Adolescent Violence to Mothers (pdf)

This research examined male adolescents' abuse and violence to their sole parent mothers living in Australia. The research highlighted cultural, intra-generational and intergenerational issues relating to family violence, as well as the significant and lasting cumulative impact on the women, where the abuse was experienced from the women's ex-partners and their sons.

Juvenile Arrests 2007 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2007 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2007."

Juvenile Arrests 2008 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2008 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2008."

Juvenile Delinquency Probation Caseload, 2005 (pdf)

A fact sheet based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report. Presents statistics on delinquency cases resulting in probation in 2005.

Juvenile Domestic and Family Violence: The Effects of Court-Based Intervention Programs on Recidivism (pdf)

"This study tested the effectiveness of two court-based intervention programs in California that addressed juvenile domestic and family violence. Primary findings from the study indicated recidivism rates for offenders with prior records were remarkably consistent across sites, the specialized intervention programs in both Santa Clara and San Francisco counties had a deterrent effect on first-time offenders, and the greatest determinant of the probability of recidivism was background characteristics of the offender."

Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2004: Selected Findings (pdf)

"A biannual census, developed to support the vital role of corrections in maintaining the safety of the community and providing essential services to confined youth. Facilities report on characteristics such as their size, structure, type, ownership, and security arrangements. Facilities also provide information on a range of services they provide to youth in their care. In addition, facilities report on the number of deaths of youth in custody during the prior 12 months."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency? (pdf)

"Provides an overview of research on the deterrent effects of transferring youth from juvenile to criminal courts, focusing on large-scale comprehensive OJJDP-funded studies on the effect of transfer laws on recidivism. The Bulletin reviews all of the extant research on the general and specific deterrent effects of transferring juveniles to adult criminal court."

Juveniles Who Commit Sex Offenses Against Minors (pdf)

"This bulletin presents population-based epidemiological information about the characteristics of juvenile offenders who commit sex offenses against minors. The authors analyzed data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and provided topical statistics highlighting the fact that juveniles account for more than one-third (35.6 percent) of this type of offender. Findings may support the development of research-based interventions and policies to reduce sexual assault and child molestation as perpetrated by juvenile offenders."

Low-Level Violence: A Neglected Aspect of School Culture

"A largely neglected aspect of school violence is low-level, underlying violence in schools that includes bullying, peer sexual harassment, victimization based on sexual orientation, and the psychological maltreatment of students by teachers. Low-level violence angers and alienates many students and contributes to a hostile school environment. This article examines the extent of low-level violence in U.S. public schools and its impact on students’ school performance. The authors argue that the one way of reducing low-level violence in schools is to create a more positive school culture and climate. Guidelines for preventing or minimizing low-level violence in schools are presented."

Measuring Bullying Victimization, Perpetration, and Bystander Experiences: A Compendium of Assessment Tools (pdf)

This resource provides researchers, specialists, and educators with tools to measure a range of bullying experiences: bully perpetration, bully victimization, bully-victim experiences, and bystander experiences. An example of a provided tool is the "Perception of Teasing Scale" (POTS).

Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools - Second Edition

This compendium provides a set of tools to assess violence-related beliefs, behaviors, and influences, as well as to evaluate programs to prevent youth violence. More than 170 measures are included. Some examples of measures include: "Violent Intentions—Teen Conflict Survey", "Aggressive Behavior—SAGE Baseline Survey", and "Drug and Alcohol Use—Youth Risk Behavior Survey"

Moving From Them to Us: Challenges in Reframing Violence Among Youth (pdf)

"This paper explores how youth and violence have been framed in the media, how the issue of race complicates depictions of youth and violence, and how public attitudes about government can inhibit public support for strategies to effectively prevent violence. This paper makes recommendations for the next steps in re-framing violence among youth."

No Place for Kids:The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration (pdf)

This report details flaws in the United States heavy reliance on juvenile correctional institutions. After detailing how these institutions are ineffective and dangerous for our nations youth, the report concludes with recommendations for states on how to reduce juvenile incarceration and redesign their juvenile corrections systems.

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Person Offense Cases in Juvenile Court, 2005 (pdf)

This fact sheet, based on the Juvenile Court Statistics 2005 report, provides statistics on person offense cases processed by juvenile courts in that year.

Police diversion of young offenders and Indigenous over-representation (pdf)

"Indigenous over-representation in the justice system is a challenge facing Australian society. This study focused on the extent of Indigenous over-representation, evidence of disparity in how Indigenous and non-Indigenous young people were processed and the impact of diversion on re-contact with the juvenile system."

Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying (pdf)

"The purpose of the present study was to contrast the prevalence of Internet bullying with physical and verbal bullying among elementary, middle, and high school boys and girls, and to examine whether key predictors of physical and verbal bullying also predicted Internet bullying."

Preventing and Responding to Teen Dating Violence

This special collection emphasizes collaborative and multilevel approaches to the prevention of, and response to, teen dating violence. It draws on the work of many organizations and organizes the resources on TDV prevention and responses by different populations.

Preventing violence and reducing its impact: How development agencies can help (pdf)

This document makes the case for increased attention on the impact of violence on development by international development agencies. A key aim is to stimulate dialogue on the role of international development agencies in the prevention of violence globally, and ultimately to increase investment in a commonly agreed set of applied violence prevention strategies. The primary audience for this document is policy-makers, high-level planners, and others in the international development field.

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

Psychological Abuse: A Discussion Paper (pdf)

"This paper is a review of research on psychological abuse in interpersonal and family relationships including in settings such as long-term care residences.The paper presents research findings on the personal, economic and health related costs of psychological abuse to the individual and to society, and briefly outlines legal recourses for victims. It concludes by exploring ways to recognize and address psychological abuse, while emphasizing the importance of developing holistic approaches "

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

School Bullying Perpetration and Other Childhood Risk Factors as Predictors of Adult Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration (pdf)

This article assesses the relationship between bullying peers as a child and adult intimate partner violence perpetration in a clinic-based sample of adult men. School bullying perpetration and intimate partner violence perpetration are both thought to stem from desire for power and control over others.

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09 (pdf)

"The report provides national-level and facility-level estimates of sexual victimization by type of activity, including youth-on-youth sexual contact, staff sexual misconduct, and level of coercion. It also includes an analysis of the experience of sexual victimization, characteristics of youth most at risk to victimization, where the incidents occur, time of day, characteristics of perpetrators, and nature of the injuries."

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Substance Abuse Among Southeast Asians in the U.S.: Implications for Practice and Research

"The literature on Asian-American substance use has shown a general increase in consumption and related problems due, in part, to the effects of acculturation toward U.S. drinking norms. Southeast Asians arc the most recent of Asian groups to come to the U.S., and have done so following an immigration and refugee experience that was among the most traumatic in recent memory resulting in significant levels of psychosocial distress. The combined influences of mental health disorders, which frequently co-occur with substance abuse, and acculturation pressures suggest that a significant increase in substance abuse problems may be in progress for Southeast Asian immigrants. The current article outlines the literature on substance abuse among Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians in the U.S., and makes tentative recommendations for assessment, treatment and future research."

Teenagers in the United States:Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing, National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2008 (pdf)

"This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females 15-19 years of age in the United States in 2006-2008 from the National Survey of Family Growth."

Telling It Like It Is: Teen Perspectives on Romantic Relationships (pdf)

This brief summarizes findings from focus groups that explored what teens have to say about romantic relationships. In general, the teens displayed an understanding of what a healthy teen relationship should look like, yet at the same time they expressed low expectations about their chances of experiencing that type of relationship themselves. Findings indicate that factors such as relationship violence and few adult role models who displayed healthy relationships contributed to these low expectations.

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence (pdf)

This document examines the economic effects of interpersonal violence, including sexual violence, as well as the economic effects of interventions seeking to reduce violence and the ways in which economic factors such as poverty and income inequality contribute to violence.

The Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders in Children and Youth (pdf)

"This publication reviews general population studies, disaster research, child maltreatment studies, and special population studies that report the prevalence of PTSD in children, adolescents, and young adults. It includes a brief discussion of the cumulative adverse effects of traumatic stress experienced from infancy through adolescence."

The Facts On Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

A fact sheet created by FVPF on the prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence.

The Girls Study Group - Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls (pdf)

"The Girls Study Group, convened by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), conducted a study to determine the cause of delinquency and increased arrests among female adolescents, factors that influence delinquency, and effective programs in preventing girls’ delinquency."

The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research (pdf)

"Research evidence suggests that exposure to violence through various forms of media increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer’s part, just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of them behaving violently. In this article, this research evidence is critically assessed and the psychological theory that explains why exposure to violence has detrimental effects for both the short and long-term is elaborated. Finally the size of the “media violence effect” is compared with some other well-known threats to society to estimate how important a threat it should be considered."

The Unclaimed Children Revisited, California Case Study (pdf)

"The purpose of the California Case Study is to identify, document, and analyze effective fiscal, infrastructural, and related policies that support research-informed practices for mental health services to children and adolescents in California."

Trauma among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"This review suggests that trauma-sensitive and gender-specific programming and treatment models are needed in order to address needs and prevent re-traumatization of girls in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the treatment models should provide girls with developmentally reparative experiences that address not only PTSD but also issues of identity, trust, safety, body image, physical self care, affect regulation, peer group selection and engagement, and sexuality."

Trauma-Focused Interventions for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"Numerous studies document that many of the youth in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to myriad traumatic events, either as victims or as witnesses. Because of this exposure, many of these youths have developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related disorders. This document reviews trauma-focused, family-based, and group-based interventions that show promise for use with youth in the juvenile justice system."

UN study on Violence Against Children

"A press release on a new effort to provide a detailed global picture of the nature, extent and causes of violence against children, and propose clear recommendations for action to prevent and reduce such violence. The study focuses on violence against children in five settings: the home and family, schools and educational settings, other institutional settings (orphanages, children in conflict with the law), the community and on the streets, and work situations. "

Understanding Evidence Part 1: Best Available Research Evidence. A Guide to the Continuum of Evidence of Effectiveness. (pdf)

Increasing emphasis has been placed on the importance of evidence-informed prevention strategies and evidence-based decision making. In this guidance document, the authors aim to explain the purpose and meaning of the Continuum of Evidence of Effectiveness, a tool that was developed to facilitate a common understanding of what the Best Available Research Evidence means in the field of violence prevention. This Continuum also serves to provide common language for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in discussing evidence-based decision making.

Understanding School Violence Fact Sheet 2008 (pdf)

An updated fact sheet compiled by the CDC explaining what school violence is, risk factors, health effects, prevention strategies, and much more.

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Violence by Teenage Girls: Trends and Context (pdf)

"This OJJDP Bulletin assesses trends of juvenile arrest rates for violent crimes, focusing on simple and aggravated assault. Part of the Girls Study Group series, this bulletin examines the involvement of girls in violent activity (including whether such activity has increased relative to the increase for boys) and the contexts in which girls engage in violent behavior. "

Violence in the Lives of Children (pdf)

"This data brief from Child Trends reviews data on the types of violence experienced by U.S. children, including exposure to violence through media to abuse by parents and peers. Differences by age, gender, and race/ethnicity are discussed along with priorities for filling gaps in the data that is available on this topic."

Visibility Through Data: Health Information for Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Communities (pdf)

"This report summarizes information for providers working toward improving the health and well-being of urban American Indian and Alaska Native communities and is a resource that highlights specific health issues facing this population. "

Women and Health: Today’s Evidence, Tomorrow’s Agenda (pdf)

"This report reviews evidence on the health issues that particularly affect girls and women throughout their life course. This report uses currently available data to draw attention to the consequences and costs of failing to address health issues at appropriate points in their lives."

World Report on Violence against Children

"This book addresses all violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. It lists the relevant international and national legal instruments and standards. It also describes the nature and impact of all forms of violence, indicating possible risk and causal factors. Finally, and most important, based on existing evidence and concrete examples, it provides detailed recommendation on measures to be taken to enhance the protection of children from violence."

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2003 (pdf)

"This report includes findings from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, with data on the health risk activities of students grade 9-12."

Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities - The Different Story of Delinquent Youth as Told by the Media and by Juvenile Justice System Professionals and the Youth Themselves (pdf)

"This report examines the youth perspective on violence, life circumstance, and the response of the justice system to a supposed growth of violence among troubled youth. The report was also part of testimony before the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on February 11, 2009."

Youth Violence: Fact Sheet

A fact sheet on youth violence compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detailing risk factors, consequences, occurrence, and much more.

Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming

This guide describes practical policy, program development processes, and promising program models aimed at preventing and treating female juvenile delinquency. Also includes a profile of female juvenile offenders, the problems they present, their needs, and ways to address them.

Trauma among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"This review suggests that trauma-sensitive and gender-specific programming and treatment models are needed in order to address needs and prevent re-traumatization of girls in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the treatment models should provide girls with developmentally reparative experiences that address not only PTSD but also issues of identity, trust, safety, body image, physical self care, affect regulation, peer group selection and engagement, and sexuality."

Trauma-Focused Interventions for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"Numerous studies document that many of the youth in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to myriad traumatic events, either as victims or as witnesses. Because of this exposure, many of these youths have developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related disorders. This document reviews trauma-focused, family-based, and group-based interventions that show promise for use with youth in the juvenile justice system."

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Animal Abuse and Youth Violence

15-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. This Bulletin describes psychiatric, psychological, and criminal research linking animal abuse to violence perpetrated by juveniles and adults. Particular attention is focused on the prevalence of cruelty to animals by children and adolescents and to the role of animal abuse as a possible symptom of conduct disorder. In addition, the motivations and etiology underlying the maltreatment of animals are thoroughly reviewed. The Bulletin includes recommendations to curb such cruelty, while providing contact information for additional resources concerned with violence perpetrated against animals and people.

Characteristics of Juvenile Suicide in Confinement (pdf)

"This bulletin provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. This OJJDP Bulletin provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Crimes Against People with Disabilities, 2007 (pdf)

"Using 2007 National Crime Victimization Survey data, the study found that persons with disabilities were victims of about 47,000 rapes. Rates of rape and sexual assault were more than twice those for people without disabilities. In addition, youth with a disability ages 12 to 19 experienced violence at nearly twice the rate as those without a disability."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem (pdf)

"Attention is growing about the risk of adolescents to become victims of aggression perpetrated by peers with new technology. In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of experts in technology and youth aggression to examine this specific risk. This article presents the data and recommendations for future directions discussed at the meeting. The data supports the argument that electronic aggression is an emerging public health problem in need of additional research to support the development and evaluation of effective prevention programs."

Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

"A Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to the Multi-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States. The scope of the Task Force's inquiry was to consider those technologies that industry and end users - including parents - can use to help keep minors safer on the Internet."

Helping Traumatized Children at School

A paper that discusses school interventions for traumatized children. It provides some of the guidelines and resources for use when youth's traumas affect their ability to function at school.

Helping Traumatized Children: Tips for Judges (pdf)

"This fact sheet for judges and other court personnel outlines the impact of trauma on children's development, beliefs, and behaviors. It is designed to help professionals in the juvenile justice and family court system become more effective in addressing the unique needs and challenges of the traumatized children and adolescents they work with."

Homeless Youth and Sexual Exploitation: Research Findings and Practice Implications

"This issue brief reviews research regarding the involvement of unaccompanied, homeless youth in various types of sexual exploitation including survival sex and recruitment into the commercial sex industry and recommends a series of programmatic responses to meet their needs."

Including Animal Cruelty as a Factor in Assessing Risk and Designing Interventions (pdf)

This paper assesses the feasibility and usefulness of including animal cruelty as a variable in future research and practices, as well as makes recommendations of how this can be accomplished. In addition, recommended policy changes are discussed, including the practice of maintaining statistics on juvenile animal cruelty and the current proposal before the Federal Bureau of Investigation to add animal cruelty as a separate category in the agency’s crime data collection system.

It All Starts At Home: Male Adolescent Violence to Mothers (pdf)

This research examined male adolescents' abuse and violence to their sole parent mothers living in Australia. The research highlighted cultural, intra-generational and intergenerational issues relating to family violence, as well as the significant and lasting cumulative impact on the women, where the abuse was experienced from the women's ex-partners and their sons.

Juvenile Domestic and Family Violence: The Effects of Court-Based Intervention Programs on Recidivism (pdf)

"This study tested the effectiveness of two court-based intervention programs in California that addressed juvenile domestic and family violence. Primary findings from the study indicated recidivism rates for offenders with prior records were remarkably consistent across sites, the specialized intervention programs in both Santa Clara and San Francisco counties had a deterrent effect on first-time offenders, and the greatest determinant of the probability of recidivism was background characteristics of the offender."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"The Lifetime Spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Low-Level Violence: A Neglected Aspect of School Culture

"A largely neglected aspect of school violence is low-level, underlying violence in schools that includes bullying, peer sexual harassment, victimization based on sexual orientation, and the psychological maltreatment of students by teachers. Low-level violence angers and alienates many students and contributes to a hostile school environment. This article examines the extent of low-level violence in U.S. public schools and its impact on students’ school performance. The authors argue that the one way of reducing low-level violence in schools is to create a more positive school culture and climate. Guidelines for preventing or minimizing low-level violence in schools are presented."

Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools - Second Edition

This compendium provides a set of tools to assess violence-related beliefs, behaviors, and influences, as well as to evaluate programs to prevent youth violence. More than 170 measures are included. Some examples of measures include: "Violent Intentions—Teen Conflict Survey", "Aggressive Behavior—SAGE Baseline Survey", and "Drug and Alcohol Use—Youth Risk Behavior Survey"

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Police diversion of young offenders and Indigenous over-representation (pdf)

"Indigenous over-representation in the justice system is a challenge facing Australian society. This study focused on the extent of Indigenous over-representation, evidence of disparity in how Indigenous and non-Indigenous young people were processed and the impact of diversion on re-contact with the juvenile system."

Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying (pdf)

"The purpose of the present study was to contrast the prevalence of Internet bullying with physical and verbal bullying among elementary, middle, and high school boys and girls, and to examine whether key predictors of physical and verbal bullying also predicted Internet bullying."

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

Psychological Abuse: A Discussion Paper (pdf)

"This paper is a review of research on psychological abuse in interpersonal and family relationships including in settings such as long-term care residences.The paper presents research findings on the personal, economic and health related costs of psychological abuse to the individual and to society, and briefly outlines legal recourses for victims. It concludes by exploring ways to recognize and address psychological abuse, while emphasizing the importance of developing holistic approaches "

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact: Preparation at the Local Level (pdf)

"Describes strategies that States and communities can use to reduce disproportionate minority contact with the juvenile justice system. This bulletin is a companion to the latest edition of OJJDP's Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual. It includes useful 'how to' information drawn from the manual and presents important background on the context in which local preparation takes place—media coverage and public attitudes about crime, race, and youth."

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09 (pdf)

"The report provides national-level and facility-level estimates of sexual victimization by type of activity, including youth-on-youth sexual contact, staff sexual misconduct, and level of coercion. It also includes an analysis of the experience of sexual victimization, characteristics of youth most at risk to victimization, where the incidents occur, time of day, characteristics of perpetrators, and nature of the injuries."

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Tagalog Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Tagalog translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Technology and Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

This issue brief explains the ways technology can be used as tools of abuse. It offers tips to providers working on safety planning with teens experiencing abuse.

Telling It Like It Is: Teen Perspectives on Romantic Relationships (pdf)

This brief summarizes findings from focus groups that explored what teens have to say about romantic relationships. In general, the teens displayed an understanding of what a healthy teen relationship should look like, yet at the same time they expressed low expectations about their chances of experiencing that type of relationship themselves. Findings indicate that factors such as relationship violence and few adult role models who displayed healthy relationships contributed to these low expectations.

The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities (pdf)

"This policy brief reviews the existing literature on the efficacy of detention and looks at the consequences of detention on young people, their families, and communities."

The Facts about Teen Dating Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on teen dating violence. Information includes a working definition, exploration of different forms of teen dating violence and legal protections for victims of teen dating violence.

The Facts On Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

A fact sheet created by FVPF on the prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence.

The Girls Study Group - Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls (pdf)

"The Girls Study Group, convened by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), conducted a study to determine the cause of delinquency and increased arrests among female adolescents, factors that influence delinquency, and effective programs in preventing girls’ delinquency."

The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research (pdf)

"Research evidence suggests that exposure to violence through various forms of media increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer’s part, just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of them behaving violently. In this article, this research evidence is critically assessed and the psychological theory that explains why exposure to violence has detrimental effects for both the short and long-term is elaborated. Finally the size of the “media violence effect” is compared with some other well-known threats to society to estimate how important a threat it should be considered."

Trauma among Girls in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"This review suggests that trauma-sensitive and gender-specific programming and treatment models are needed in order to address needs and prevent re-traumatization of girls in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the treatment models should provide girls with developmentally reparative experiences that address not only PTSD but also issues of identity, trust, safety, body image, physical self care, affect regulation, peer group selection and engagement, and sexuality."

Trauma in the Lives of Gang-Involved Youth: Tips for Volunteers and Community Organizations (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains why trauma is so prevalent among gang-involved youth, and provides tips for community organizations and volunteers on working with this population."

U.N. Report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (pdf)

"This report provides a global picture of violence against children and proposes recommendations to prevent and respond to this issue. It provides information on the incidence of various types of violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. "

UN study on Violence Against Children

"A press release on a new effort to provide a detailed global picture of the nature, extent and causes of violence against children, and propose clear recommendations for action to prevent and reduce such violence. The study focuses on violence against children in five settings: the home and family, schools and educational settings, other institutional settings (orphanages, children in conflict with the law), the community and on the streets, and work situations. "

Understanding School Violence Fact Sheet 2008 (pdf)

An updated fact sheet compiled by the CDC explaining what school violence is, risk factors, health effects, prevention strategies, and much more.

Victimization and Juvenile Offending (pdf)

In this article the authors present statistics on adolescent victimization, its effects, and the connection trauma has with development of aggressive behaviors. The authors conclude with recommendations in reducing the cycle of victimization and subsequent violence.

Violence by Teenage Girls: Trends and Context (pdf)

"This OJJDP Bulletin assesses trends of juvenile arrest rates for violent crimes, focusing on simple and aggravated assault. Part of the Girls Study Group series, this bulletin examines the involvement of girls in violent activity (including whether such activity has increased relative to the increase for boys) and the contexts in which girls engage in violent behavior. "

Violence in the Lives of Children (pdf)

"This data brief from Child Trends reviews data on the types of violence experienced by U.S. children, including exposure to violence through media to abuse by parents and peers. Differences by age, gender, and race/ethnicity are discussed along with priorities for filling gaps in the data that is available on this topic."

Widening Our Lens (pdf)

"This brochure presents a comprehensive strategy to address the impact of child maltreatment, interpersonal, and family violence on youth."

Women and Health: Today’s Evidence, Tomorrow’s Agenda (pdf)

"This report reviews evidence on the health issues that particularly affect girls and women throughout their life course. This report uses currently available data to draw attention to the consequences and costs of failing to address health issues at appropriate points in their lives."

World Report on Violence against Children

"This book addresses all violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. It lists the relevant international and national legal instruments and standards. It also describes the nature and impact of all forms of violence, indicating possible risk and causal factors. Finally, and most important, based on existing evidence and concrete examples, it provides detailed recommendation on measures to be taken to enhance the protection of children from violence."

Your Child and Gangs: What You Need to Know about Trauma - Tips for Parents (pdf)

"This fact sheet defines traumatic stress, explains the appeal of gang involvement for traumatized youth, and offers information for parents on helping their children cope with the aftermath of trauma."

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2003 (pdf)

"This report includes findings from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, with data on the health risk activities of students grade 9-12."

Youth Violence Myths and Realities: A Tale of Three Cities - The Different Story of Delinquent Youth as Told by the Media and by Juvenile Justice System Professionals and the Youth Themselves (pdf)

"This report examines the youth perspective on violence, life circumstance, and the response of the justice system to a supposed growth of violence among troubled youth. The report was also part of testimony before the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on February 11, 2009."

Youth Violence: Fact Sheet

A fact sheet on youth violence compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detailing risk factors, consequences, occurrence, and much more.

A Guide to Addressing Teen Dating Violence and Sexual Assault in a School Setting (pdf)

"This guide details schools' responsibility to take a leadership role to prevent and respond to teen dating and sexual violence in schools and in the community. While the information is specific to California, much can be applied nationally."

Addressing the Gendered Dimensions of Harassment and Bullying: What domestic and sexual violence advocates need to know (pdf)

This issue brief brings to light important differences between bullying and harassment and speaks to the priorities and responsibilities of school districts in understanding these differences.

Anger, Interpersonal Relationships, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Bullying Boys Who Are Treated With Outpatient Family Therapy (pdf)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of outpatient family psychotherapy as a monotherapy for anger reduction and improvement of behavior and interpersonal relationships and of health-related quality of life in young males with bullying behavior. After 6 months of therapy and a year follow up, the results of this study show that outpatient family therapy seems to be an effective method of reducing anger and improving interpersonal relationships and health-related quality of life in male youths with bullying behavior.

Children’s Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey (pdf)

"This Bulletin discusses the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence that measured the past-year and lifetime exposure to violence for children age 17 and younger across several major categories: conventional crime, child maltreatment, victimization by peers and siblings, sexual victimization, witnessing and indirect victimization (including exposure to community violence and family violence), school violence and threats, and Internet victimization."

Close the Book on Hate: Responding to Hate Motivated Behaviors in Schools

Discusses hate incidents and hate crimes. Gives lesson plans and teaching tips regarding responding to hate-motivated behavior in schools, holiday activities guidelines, anti-bias education, creating a positive environment in which to raise diversity issues, and resources.

Crime in the Schools: Reducing Conflict With Student Problem Solving (pdf)

July 1999. This NIJ Research in Brief discusses an investigation of a student-based problem-solving model for reducing crime in the Nation's schools. Results of this study indicate that a guided group process can reduce school crime and improve the overall school climate. However, most of the conflicts uncovered during this project concerned everyday school interactions rather than gangs, drugs, and armed agitators.

Development and Evaluation of School-Based Violence Prevention Programs (pdf)

This article reviews practical issues in the development of school-based violence prevention programs.

Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature (pdf)

This literature review of sexual abuse and sexual misconduct responds to the mandate in Section 5414 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), as amended, to conduct a study of sexual abuse in U.S. schools. To satisfy this mandate, the Department of Education contracted with Dr. Charol Shakeshaft of Hofstra University. Using the limited research that is available in this area, her literature review describes, among other topics: prevalence of educator sexual misconduct, offender characteristics, targets of educator sexual misconduct, and recommendations for prevention of educator sexual misconduct.

Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students (pdf)

"This study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students. The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. As children’s use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed."

Electronic Media and Youth Violence: A CDC Issue Brief for Educators and Caregivers (pdf)

"The brief summarizes what is known about young people and electronic aggression, provides strategies for addressing the issue with young people, and discusses the implications for school staff, education policy makers, and parents and caregivers. "

Evaluating G.R.E.A.T : A School-Based Gang Prevention Program (pdf)

Typical programs are directed at active gang members, and most target youths who are at risk for joining gangs. The G.R.E.A.T. program, in contrast, is presented to entire classrooms without attempting to predict which students are most likely to become involved with a gang. G.R.E.A.T. is aimed at middle school students and seeks to (1) reduce their involvement in gangs and delinquent behavior, (2) teach them consequences of gang involvement, and (3) help them develop positive relations with law enforcement. These three objectives are addressed through a nine hour curriculum taught in schools by uniformed law enforcement officers. Students are taught to set positive goals, resist negative pressures, resolve conflicts, and understand how gangs impact the quality of their lives. This report summarizes results of a five year study of the G.R.E.A.T. program. The study revealed that G.R.E.A.T. has modest positive effects on adolescents' attitudes and delinquency risk factors but no effects on their involvement in gangs and actual delinquent behaviors.

Facing Down Violence

Facing Down Violence is a response to the 1998 tragedy in Littleton, Colorado. An accompanying piece, Violent Persons Construct Their own Worlds from Materials We Give Them is also available.

Frequently Asked Questions on Safe School Policies for LGBT Students (pdf)

Fact sheet designed to address many of the frequently asked questions about how schools can best protect lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students from harassement and discrimination while at the same time protect themselves from potential liability.

From Words To Weapons: The Violence Surrounding Our Schools (pdf)

Report from a study where 1,802 students of the Los Angeles Unified School District were surveyed on a range of issues related to their experiences with violence, their own and their friends' weapons possession and their suggestions for ways to lessen violence, racial tension and conflict.

Guide for Preventing and Responding to School Violence (pdf)

Outlines strategies and approaches for members of school communities to consider when creating safer learning environments. Offers guidance for school violence prevention and response in the following areas: prevention, threat assessment, planning and preparation, during a crisis, after a crisis, legal considerations, and working with the media. A list of Web sites pertaining to school safety and violence reduction is included.

Hatred in the Hallways: Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Students in U.S. Schools

Based on in-depth interviews with 140 youth and 130 teachers, administrators, counselors, parents, and youth service providers in seven states, this report offers the first comprehensive look at the human rights abuses suffered by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students at the hands of their peers. Teachers and administrators frequently turn their backs on these abuses, refusing to take reports of harassment or hold accountable those who commit these acts; in some instances, officials encourage or themselves participate in these abuses.

Healing the Hate: A National Hate Crime Prevention Curriculum (pdf)

Originally designed to be used in classroom settings, these materials have also proven useful in a variety of other venues: working with youth who commit hate crimes, working with schools experiencing specific bias crime problems, in after-school programs, and in teacher training settings.

Homicides of Children and Youth

October 2001 Bulletin report. Provides a statistical portrait of juvenile homicide victimization by drawing on FBI and other data. As part of OJJDP's Crimes Against Children Series, the Bulletin offers detailed information about overall crime patterns and victim age groups. Specific types of juvenile homicide, including maltreatment homicides, abduction homicides, and school homicides, are discussed in further detail. The Bulletin also explores initiatives designed to prevent homicides of children and youth.

Increasing School Safety Through Juvenile Accountability

16-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The author of this Bulletin, part of OJJDP's JAIBG Best Practices Series, recommends a comprehensive, collaborative approach that involves students, parents, and school officials. The Bulletin describes key elements of effective school-based accountability programs, delineates the steps essential to successful program implementation, and provides examples of promising programs and best practices.

Indicators of School Crime and Safety Series

Reports data on crime at school from the perspective of students, teachers, principals, and the general population from 1998 to the present.

Kids Killing Kids

This report outlines ways to address youth violence. It is a response to the current acts of violence in our schools.

Law Enforcement Referral of At-Risk Youth: The SHIELD Program

This Bulletin describes how the SHIELD program mobilizes these assets to identify youth at risk of involvement in violent behavior, substance abuse, and gang activity and to address their needs through a multidisciplinary team approach involving representatives from the community, schools, and service agencies.

Low-Level Violence: A Neglected Aspect of School Culture

"A largely neglected aspect of school violence is low-level, underlying violence in schools that includes bullying, peer sexual harassment, victimization based on sexual orientation, and the psychological maltreatment of students by teachers. Low-level violence angers and alienates many students and contributes to a hostile school environment. This article examines the extent of low-level violence in U.S. public schools and its impact on students’ school performance. The authors argue that the one way of reducing low-level violence in schools is to create a more positive school culture and climate. Guidelines for preventing or minimizing low-level violence in schools are presented."

Plain Talk about Spanking

A resource on the impacts of spanking on children's growth and development.

Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying (pdf)

"The purpose of the present study was to contrast the prevalence of Internet bullying with physical and verbal bullying among elementary, middle, and high school boys and girls, and to examine whether key predictors of physical and verbal bullying also predicted Internet bullying."

Preventing Student Sexual Harassment

December 2000 report posted on the Eric Clearinghouse on Urban Education.

Preventing Violence by Elementary School Children

November 1999 report posted on the Eric Clearinghouse on Urban Education.

Preventing Violence in Our Schools

Resource that gives advice and resources to parents and educators on preventing youth violence.

Preventing Youth Hate Crimes: A Manual for Schools and Communities, 1998

Promotes the discussion, planning, immediate action, and long-term responses of hate crime to assist schools and communities in confronting and eliminating harassment, intimidation, violence, and other hate-motivated behavior among young people.

Preventing Youth Violence in Schools: An Essay Collection (pdf)

A collection of articles edited by Wendy Schwartz. Included in the collection is the article "Gang Activity at School: Prevention Strategies" by Shirley Lal.

Recent Trends in Violence-Related Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States

An abstract from JAMA, the Journal of the American Medicine Association.

Report on Research on Rape and Violence (pdf)

"This report is a compendium of research on issues related to rape, sexual assault, and violence. While efforts have been made to include research from as many sources as possible, it is inevitable that other valuable sources of research may contain information no included in this report."

Reporting School Violence

This document provides an overview of state laws enacted in recent years to address violence in U.S. schools, particularly those laws concerning the collection of data and reporting of such incidents.

Resilient Girls—Factors That Protect Against Delinquency (pdf)

The Girls Study Group Series examines issues such as patterns of offending among adolescents and how they differ for girls and boys; risk and protective factors associated with delinquency, including gender differences; and the causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency.

Resolving conflict creatively: Evaluating the developmental effects of a school-based violence prevention program in neighborhood and classroom context

"This study evaluated the short-term impact of a school-based violence prevention initiative on developmental processes thought to place children at risk for future aggression and violence and examined the influence of classrooms and neighborhood contexts on the effectiveness of the violence prevention initiative."

Safe Harbor: A School-Based Victim Assistance/Violence Prevention Program

The Safe Harbor program addresses violence prevention and victim assistance in school-based settings.

Scared at School: Sexual Violence against Girls in South African Schools

This report documents school-based sexual violence in South Africa; reviews school and state responses to sexual violence; explains the discriminatory impact on girls' education rights when the government does not respond adequately and effectively to gender-based violence; and sets forth recommendations to rectify these problems.

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

School Crisis Preparedness

Page that discusses school crisis preparedness. Gives steps to enhance preparedness and links to sample guidelines.

School Disaster: Planning and Initial Interventions

This paper examines the roles and responses of administrators, teachers and staff, and parents as well as those of children following disaster. The following issues will be discussed: 1) primary intervention; 2) secondary intervention; 3) the intervention team; 4)administrators and staff; 5)parents and children; and psychological first aid.

School Violence Prevention: Strategies to Keep Schools Safe

Policy Study No. 234, January 1998. Posted by the Reason Foundation. Discusses the many faces of violence and the different methods of violence prevention.

School Violence: Prevalence, Fears, and Prevention

2001 paper. Describes the options that are currently available for schools. An analysis of the key components of various approaches in terms of their potential positive and negative effects can assist in the selection of policies, programs, and procedures while we wait for evaluations to be conducted.

Something is Wrong: Exploring the Roots of Youth Violence (pdf)

"The Chicago Freedom School, Project NIA and Teachers for Social Justice have partnered along with other volunteers to develop this curriculum guide in order to contribute to the ongoing efforts by young people and their adult allies to analyze the root causes of youth violence and to create local solutions."

Special Education and the Juvenile Justice System

16-page Bulletin posted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This bulletin is intended to inform judges, attorneys, advocates, probation officers, institutional staff, and other youth-serving professionals about the impact of special education issues on juvenile justice matters. The Bulletin summarizes the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and analyzes their relevance to the juvenile justice process from intake and initial interview to institutional placement and secure confinement.

Taking the Bully by the Horns

Article regarding bullies in school and on the school bus and how parents and teachers can put a stop to this kind of behavior.

The Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Programs for the Prevention of Violent and Aggressive Behavior (pdf)

"This report provides a summary of findings from a review of evidence concerning the effectiveness of universal school-based violence prevention programs."

U.N. Report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (pdf)

"This report provides a global picture of violence against children and proposes recommendations to prevent and respond to this issue. It provides information on the incidence of various types of violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. "

Understanding School Violence Fact Sheet 2008 (pdf)

An updated fact sheet compiled by the CDC explaining what school violence is, risk factors, health effects, prevention strategies, and much more.

World Report on Violence against Children

"This book addresses all violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities. It lists the relevant international and national legal instruments and standards. It also describes the nature and impact of all forms of violence, indicating possible risk and causal factors. Finally, and most important, based on existing evidence and concrete examples, it provides detailed recommendation on measures to be taken to enhance the protection of children from violence."

Youth Exposed to Domestic Violence: A Handbook for the Juvenile Justice System to Enhance Assessment and Intervention Strategies for Youth from Violent Homes (pdf)

This handbook contains information that will help you learn about: domestic violence and its impact on adolescents; evaluating risk and safety planning for victims of domestic violence; coordinated justice responses to domestic violence and the role of juvenile custody programs and probation; risk assessment and reduction with adolescent perpetrators of intimate partner and family violence; promising practices for adolescent perpetrators of intimate partner and family violence; and resources on domestic violence for adolescent victims and perpetrators.

Youth Gangs in Schools (pdf)

This Bulletin analyzes findings from the School Crime Supplements (SCS) to the National Crime Victim Survey, describes characteristics of gangs in schools, and discusses contributory factors to gang prevalence in schools. The impact of gang presence in schools on victimization is also reviewed.

Youth Violence Documents

Provides texts of numerous articles related to gangs, youth violence, school violence and drug trafficking.

A Development Approach to Working with Teen Victims (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the need for service providers to understand adolescent development in order to effectively provide interventions for teen victims of abuse.

Addressing the Gendered Dimensions of Harassment and Bullying: What domestic and sexual violence advocates need to know (pdf)

This issue brief brings to light important differences between bullying and harassment and speaks to the priorities and responsibilities of school districts in understanding these differences.

Balancing Obligations: Serving Teen Victims and Mandated Reporting of Statutory Rape (pdf)

This issue brief addresses the importance of preserving confidentiality while working with teen victims of abuse, at the same time fulfilling the service provider's legal duties.

Children’s and Adolescents’ Participation and Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (pdf)

"A paper reviewing government commitments to strengthen participation by children and adolescents to protect them from sexual abuse and exploitation. The paper provides recommendations for further research, policy development, and programming to support advocacy and practice with and by children and adolescents. "

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Domestic Violence and Birth Control Sabotage: A Report from the Teen Parent Project

This study explores to what extent pregnancy among low income teens was due to coerced and unprotected sexual relations, sabotage of birth control arrangements and the general pressure to choose between having children and the continuation of the relationship

Emerging Issues Facing Tweens and Teens (pdf)

Emerging issues like sexting, sexual coercion and bullying are creating a serious problem for millions of youth. This is a short fact sheet on some of these emerging problems.

Homeless Youth and Sexual Exploitation: Research Findings and Practice Implications

"This issue brief reviews research regarding the involvement of unaccompanied, homeless youth in various types of sexual exploitation including survival sex and recruitment into the commercial sex industry and recommends a series of programmatic responses to meet their needs."

Human Rights Watch World Report 2010 (pdf)

"This 20th annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. It reflects extensive investigative work undertaken in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff, usually in close partnership with human rights activists in the country in question."

Impact of the Law on Service to Teens (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the challenges that laws at the state and federal level pose, how they can impact the way service providers serve teens and how teens respond to adult interventions. Suggested strategies are given for programs and agencies working to serve teen victims of abuse.

Juvenile Arrests 2008 (pdf)

"The Bulletin describes the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system. It summarizes 2008 juvenile crime and arrest data reported by local law enforcement agencies across the country and cited in the FBI report, Crime in the United States 2008."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Juveniles Who Commit Sex Offenses Against Minors (pdf)

"This bulletin presents population-based epidemiological information about the characteristics of juvenile offenders who commit sex offenses against minors. The authors analyzed data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and provided topical statistics highlighting the fact that juveniles account for more than one-third (35.6 percent) of this type of offender. Findings may support the development of research-based interventions and policies to reduce sexual assault and child molestation as perpetrated by juvenile offenders."

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"The Lifetime Spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Media Savvy Youth: Challenging the Pop Culture Messages that Contribute to Sexual Violence (pdf)

"This issue of 'Connections - A Biannual Publication of Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs' shares insight from programs that are empowering youth to become media savvy by giving them the tools to be critical consumers and gain a voice around issues of sexual violence."

On the Road to Equality: Statewide Findings & Policy Recommendations (pdf)

"A supplement to the Status of Girls in Minnesota report by the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota in partnership with the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Focus groups were conducted in 18 Minnesota communities that included African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender), and disabilities communities — to share key research findings and gain community input. This report captures the voices and policy recommendations of these communities, nonprofit and public leaders."

Prevention is for Life HIV/AIDS: Dispatches from the Field (pdf)

"This advocacy booklet uses real-life examples to explain how HIV prevention can save lives in diverse cultural and geographical settings. It includes chapters on youth and HIV, condom programming, protecting women and girls, linking HIV prevention with other sexual and reproductive health care, and empowering populations who are at particular risk."

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09 (pdf)

"The report provides national-level and facility-level estimates of sexual victimization by type of activity, including youth-on-youth sexual contact, staff sexual misconduct, and level of coercion. It also includes an analysis of the experience of sexual victimization, characteristics of youth most at risk to victimization, where the incidents occur, time of day, characteristics of perpetrators, and nature of the injuries."

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Tagalog Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Tagalog translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Teenagers in the United States:Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing, National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2008 (pdf)

"This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females 15-19 years of age in the United States in 2006-2008 from the National Survey of Family Growth."

The Facts about Sexual Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on sexual violence. Information includes a working definition, explanation of different forms of sexual violence and legal protections for victims of sexual violence.

The Facts about Teen Dating Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on teen dating violence. Information includes a working definition, exploration of different forms of teen dating violence and legal protections for victims of teen dating violence.

The Girls Study Group - Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls (pdf)

"The Girls Study Group, convened by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), conducted a study to determine the cause of delinquency and increased arrests among female adolescents, factors that influence delinquency, and effective programs in preventing girls’ delinquency."

The Runaway & Homeless Youth and Relationship Violence Toolkit

This toolkit was developed by and for advocates in the runaway and homeless youth and domestic violence and sexual assault fields. Includes up to date research and resources as well as evaluation tools for programs providing services to youth.

Virginia's Healthcare Response to Sexual Assault: Guidelines for the Acute Care of Adult and Post-Pubertal Adolescent Sexual Assault Patients

This document provides detailed guidelines and tools to guide the integrated response to sexual assault by health care providers, law enforcement professionals, victim advocates, and others. The document is not intended to be state-specific therefore it provides an excellent model for other states to replicate.

Visibility Through Data: Health Information for Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Communities (pdf)

"This report summarizes information for providers working toward improving the health and well-being of urban American Indian and Alaska Native communities and is a resource that highlights specific health issues facing this population. "

Widening Our Lens (pdf)

"This brochure presents a comprehensive strategy to address the impact of child maltreatment, interpersonal, and family violence on youth."

Women and Health: Today’s Evidence, Tomorrow’s Agenda (pdf)

"This report reviews evidence on the health issues that particularly affect girls and women throughout their life course. This report uses currently available data to draw attention to the consequences and costs of failing to address health issues at appropriate points in their lives."

Youth Activism: Engaging Teens in the Sexual Violence Prevention Movement (pdf)

"This bulletin discusses how to engage youth as valued partners in sexual violence prevention work."

Detention Reform: An Effective Approach to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice (pdf)

"By prioritizing the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities as a core detention reform strategy, Casey’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative has reduced the odds of detention typically faced by African-American and Latino teens. This Detention Reform Brief details JDAI’s efforts at reducing the over-representation of minorities in detention."

Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey (pdf)

"This report provides the results of a survey on juvenile suicides occurring in confinement between 1995 and 1999. The study examined the demographic characteristics and social history of each victim, the characteristics of the incident, and the features of the juvenile facility in which the suicide took place. The report provides suggestions for addressing the problem and recommendations for prevention planning."

Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach

"This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits."

Psychiatric Disorders of Youth in Detention (pdf)

"This Bulletin presents information that can help the juvenile justice system detect youth psychiatric disorders and respond with an integrated system of services. It examines the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among youth at the Cook County (Illinois) Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Drawing on research conducted by the Northwestern Juvenile Project, this Bulletin finds that nearly two-thirds of males and three-quarters of females studied met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders."

School Connectedness: Strategies for Increasing Protective Factors Among Youth (pdf)

"This longitudinal study found that family, school, and individual factors such as school connectedness, parent-family connectedness, high parental expectations for academic achievement, and the adolescent’s level of involvement in religious activities and perceived importance of religion and prayer were protective against a range of adverse behaviors. School connectedness was found to be the strongest protective factor for both boys and girls to decrease substance use, school absenteeism, early sexual initiation, violence, and risk of unintentional injury."

Substance Abuse Among Southeast Asians in the U.S.: Implications for Practice and Research

"The literature on Asian-American substance use has shown a general increase in consumption and related problems due, in part, to the effects of acculturation toward U.S. drinking norms. Southeast Asians arc the most recent of Asian groups to come to the U.S., and have done so following an immigration and refugee experience that was among the most traumatic in recent memory resulting in significant levels of psychosocial distress. The combined influences of mental health disorders, which frequently co-occur with substance abuse, and acculturation pressures suggest that a significant increase in substance abuse problems may be in progress for Southeast Asian immigrants. The current article outlines the literature on substance abuse among Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians in the U.S., and makes tentative recommendations for assessment, treatment and future research."

Trauma-Focused Interventions for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (pdf)

"Numerous studies document that many of the youth in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to myriad traumatic events, either as victims or as witnesses. Because of this exposure, many of these youths have developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related disorders. This document reviews trauma-focused, family-based, and group-based interventions that show promise for use with youth in the juvenile justice system."

2010 State Law Report Cards on Teen Dating Violence

A 2010 State-by-State Teen Dating Violence Report Card from Break The Cycle. Includes recommendations for improving state laws and policies to better protect victims, changes in the laws that affect teens experiencing abuse, and a revised scoring system that better assesses the impact of state laws on teens seeking protection orders.

A Development Approach to Working with Teen Victims (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the need for service providers to understand adolescent development in order to effectively provide interventions for teen victims of abuse.

A Guide to Addressing Teen Dating Violence and Sexual Assault in a School Setting (pdf)

"This guide details schools' responsibility to take a leadership role to prevent and respond to teen dating and sexual violence in schools and in the community. While the information is specific to California, much can be applied nationally."

An Evaluation of Safe Dates, an Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention Program (pdf)

This paper presents the results of a program focused on preventing violence among teenage dating partners. Decreased violence was perpetrated against a dating partner for those who participated in the program compared to a control group.

Balancing Obligations: Serving Teen Victims and Mandated Reporting of Statutory Rape (pdf)

This issue brief addresses the importance of preserving confidentiality while working with teen victims of abuse, at the same time fulfilling the service provider's legal duties.

Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth

"This report describes findings and analysis regarding the cost-effectiveness of research-based prevention and early intervention programs for youth with a demonstrated ability to achieve 7 outcomes including reduction in child abuse and domestic violence."

Chinese Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Chinese translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Emerging Issues Facing Tweens and Teens (pdf)

Emerging issues like sexting, sexual coercion and bullying are creating a serious problem for millions of youth. This is a short fact sheet on some of these emerging problems.

Evaluation for Improvement: A Seven-step Empowerment Evaluation Approach for Violence Prevention Organizations (pdf)

"This manual is designed to help violence prevention organizations hire an empowerment evaluator who will assist them in building their evaluation capacity through a learn-by-doing process of evaluating their own strategies. It is for state and local leaders and staff members of organizations, coalitions, government agencies, and/or partnerships working to prevent sexual violence, intimate partner violence, youth violence, suicide, and/or child maltreatment."

Family Violence Statistics: Including Statistics on Strangers and Acquaintances

This study compares family and nonfamily violence statistics from victimization through the different stages of the justice system. Family violence is defined as all types of violent crime committed by an offender who is related to the victim and includes spouse abuse, parental violence against a child, and violence among other family members. Nonfamily relationships used for comparison include boyfriends and girlfriends, friends and acquaintances, and strangers. Data are drawn from victimization surveys, official police statistics, State and Federal court statistics, and surveys of inmates in State prisons and local jails.

Impact of the Law on Service to Teens (pdf)

This issue brief discusses the challenges that laws at the state and federal level pose, how they can impact the way service providers serve teens and how teens respond to adult interventions. Suggested strategies are given for programs and agencies working to serve teen victims of abuse.

Korean Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Korean translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Physical Dating Violence Among High School Students - United States, 2003

A surveillance report in brief of physical dating violence among high school students and selected characteristics.

Physical Dating Violence Among High School Students --- United States, 2003

This article in brief addresses the incidence of physical dating violence among high school adolescents and introduces risk as well as protective factors.

Preventing and Responding to Teen Dating Violence

This special collection emphasizes collaborative and multilevel approaches to the prevention of, and response to, teen dating violence. It draws on the work of many organizations and organizes the resources on TDV prevention and responses by different populations.

Punjabi Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Punjabi translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Report Cards on Teen Dating Violence 2008 (pdf)

Break the Cycle issued the first-ever state-by-state report cards evaluating the level of legal protection each state offers young victims of domestic and dating violence. The report was issued in conjunction with National Teen Dating Violence Awareness and Prevention Week, February 4-8, 2008.

Report on Research on Rape and Violence (pdf)

"This report is a compendium of research on issues related to rape, sexual assault, and violence. While efforts have been made to include research from as many sources as possible, it is inevitable that other valuable sources of research may contain information no included in this report."

Safety Planning With Teens (pdf)

An issue brief created by Break the Cycle for those working with teens on safety planning issues.

Status of Girls in Minnesota

"This 2008 report provides detailed information on the status of girls in Minnesota. It also serves as a tool for advocates, researchers, and policy makers in developing a set of interventions that will ensure girls’ economic, social, and political equality in the state. "

Tagalog Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence (pdf)

"Tagalog translation of the Lifetime Spiral of Gender Violence. The spiral implicitly locates a range of abuses in the lives of girls and women, revealing patterns of victimization and perpetration. The Lifetime Spiral is designed to be used by everyone to identify histories of violence in their own lives or in the lives of family and friends."

Technology and Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

This issue brief explains the ways technology can be used as tools of abuse. It offers tips to providers working on safety planning with teens experiencing abuse.

Teen Dating Violence: A Closer Look at Adolescent Romantic Relationships

This article examines what we know and what we don’t know about the perpetrators and victims of teen dating violence. The authors explore key differences between adolescent and adult romantic relationships, including power dynamics, social skill development and peer influence.

Teen Dating Violence: A Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography (pdf)

This аnnotated bibliography and summary of research identify significant research carried out in the decade since 1999 on the issue of dating violence among high school and middle school youth. The survey provided by the bibliography and summary covers quantitative and qualitative literature on the definition and prevalence of, as well as risk factors for, adolescent dating violence, also called teen relationship abuse.

Teen Dating Violence: A Review of Risk Factors and Prevention Efforts (pdf)

This article provides a critical review of the dating violence literature with respect to potential risk factors for both perpetrators and victims and examines the empirical research regarding the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs targeting teen dating violence. The document also provides recommendations for future research and potential policy implications.

Teen Dating Violence: Information and Resources (pdf)

This is an information packet developed by the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence (NRCDV) as an introduction to the dynamics, prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence. The packet explores issues specific to teen dating violence, examines current provision of support services for teens and presents information about a variety of promising prevention /intervention strategies. The intent of packet contents is to examine some of the key dating violence issues currently facing teens and their advocates.

Telling It Like It Is: Teen Perspectives on Romantic Relationships (pdf)

This brief summarizes findings from focus groups that explored what teens have to say about romantic relationships. In general, the teens displayed an understanding of what a healthy teen relationship should look like, yet at the same time they expressed low expectations about their chances of experiencing that type of relationship themselves. Findings indicate that factors such as relationship violence and few adult role models who displayed healthy relationships contributed to these low expectations.

The Facts about Teen Dating Violence

This fact sheet provides current information and statistics on teen dating violence. Information includes a working definition, exploration of different forms of teen dating violence and legal protections for victims of teen dating violence.

The Facts On Teen Dating Violence (pdf)

A fact sheet created by FVPF on the prevalence and consequences of teen dating violence.

The Runaway & Homeless Youth and Relationship Violence Toolkit

This toolkit was developed by and for advocates in the runaway and homeless youth and domestic violence and sexual assault fields. Includes up to date research and resources as well as evaluation tools for programs providing services to youth.

The Sexual Victimization of College Women

This study contributes data to our understanding about the prevalence and nature of violence against women in the United States.

Trust Betrayed

This booklet, designed by the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, helps young adults understand the dynamics of healthy relationships; the signs of controlling relationships; the strategies for dealing with dating violence; and the resources available to end the cycle of violence.

Working with Young Men Who Batter: Current Strategies and New Directions

This article offers an overview of the recent juvenile batterer intervention programs. It identifies risk factors for teen dating violence perpetration as described by the literature and considers the utility of these findings, describes efforts to prevent re-offenses by juvenile perpetrators of domestic violence, discusses several shortcomings inherent in post-crisis intervention, and outlines current challenges within the field.

Younger Women at Great Risk of Intimate Partner Violence

Summary of the new report, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim, released by the U.S. Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS).